自考综合英语二语法知识点

自考综合英语二语法知识点

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系动词

系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词be 之外，还有一些动词也能够做系动词， 如表示状态或情况的： keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste等；以及表示变化的：get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go, 等。

1. to be 能够加在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也能够省略。

E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible.

E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to our invitation.

注意：在seem, appear 等词后，可加其它非 to be 不定式，但这时她们不是系动词，而是不及物动词。

Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand.

非人称代词 it

做句子的形式主语 1. 代表不定式

E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances. 2. 代表动名词

E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones. 3. 代表that 引导的从句

E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended. 4. 代表wh- 引导的从句

E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office. 做句子的形式宾语 1. 代表不定式

E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him. 2. 代表从句

E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me.

E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference.

用来改变句子结构， 使句子某一成分得到强调

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1. 强调主语

E.g. It was she who put forward the suggestion. 2. 强调宾语

E.g. it is that painting that he has sold at a good profit. 3. 强调状语

E.g. it was through me that he has got the present job.

强调

用so 表示强调

用so 强调听者同意说者所言，这种用法只将 so 提到句首，其它成分位置不变。 E.g. –you have spilled coffee on your dress. - So I have.

情态动词+完成式

could+have+过去分词

有时表示过去的时间，说明某事可能已发生，有时也表示与事实相反，表示原来有能力做某事，但却未做。

E.g. What happened in the airport could have been true. might/may+have+过去分词

表示对已经发生的情况进行揣测，但语气相当不肯定，表示近乎未实现的行为.

E.g. You might have done the work better.

must+have+过去分词

是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测，表示过去必定发生过的事情 ，语气相当肯定，表示“肯定，一定”。

E.g. It must have rained last night. The ground is wet.

should/ought to +have+过去分词

表示该做而未做到的事，表示“本应” 。

E.g. They should have made a good job of it. should not/oughtn’t to+have+过去分词

表示做了不该做的事，表示“本不应该” 。

E.g. You should not have done such things.

can’t（couldn’t）+have+过去分词

表示对过去的动作进行否定性推测。意为“肯定没有，肯定不是”。 E.g. The poem can’t have been written by the little girl; she is only four.