第四讲 怎样赚取“级差分”——句式要“活”，句子要“鲜”
句式单一、缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。精彩句式的合理使用会使文章极具可读性。考生在写作时应多运用一些高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，让作文跨上五档线！
[写作技法指导]
一、 利用复合句式，提升文章档次 (一)增加亮点的定语从句
1.定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个定语从句，就是从低级到高级的表达。
①Besides, I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.It can help you better understand the poems to be learned.
→Besides, I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you better understand the poems to be learned. Ⅰ)
②You find some mistakes in them.You can correct any mistakes. →You can correct any mistakes you find in them. Ⅰ)
③Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things.They don’t want to do things. →Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to.
(2016·江苏卷)
2．定语从句有多种形式，引导词也有若干，但最常运用、最能增加亮点的是as和which引导的非限制性定语从句以及“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。
(1)在表达“正如??”这一含义时，我们常用as引导的非限制性定语从句。常见的句式有：
①As we all know.../As is known to all... ②As he pointed out... ③As we can see from... ④As the famous saying goes...
As you know, the scenery along the Yangtze River is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots.
(2)which引导定语从句时，可以指代某个词，也可以指代整个主句。
I am writing to invite you to take part in the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition，which is to be held in the art gallery from 8：00 am to 5：00 pm next Sunday in our city center. (2017·全国
(2017·北京卷) (2016·全国卷(2017·全国卷
卷Ⅱ)
(3)“介词＋which”引导的定语从句
①Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
(2017·北京卷)
②It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports.
(二)吸引眼球的状语从句
在英语写作中，状语从句是经常用到的句型，它的灵活运用使作文更具吸引力。 ①Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received.
(2017·北京卷) (2016·江苏卷)
②To begin with, the final exam of this term is around the corner so I am busy preparing for it.
(2017·天津卷)
③If you are interested in the Chinese folk art, please email me.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
④We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
(三)提升档次的名词性从句
1.名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。尤其what，that所引导的名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。
①What I want to stress is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in TianJin.(主语从句，表语从句)
(2017·天津卷)
②I believe (that) this magazine will surely benefit us，and I am looking forward to reading it.(宾语从句) 测)
③Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do.(宾语从句)(2016·浙江卷)
④It’s said that a large number of paper-cut works by experts throughout China will be on show.(主语从句) Ⅱ)
⑤What we need most are popular science books.(主语从句)(浙江卷)
2.在写作中我们如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。
①He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive. →What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
②With the help of Han Meimei, you can learn how to make Chinese knots.Without doubt.
(2017·全国卷(2017·陕西检
→With the help of Han Meimei, there’s no doubt that you can learn how to make Chinese knots. 考)
二、常用8大句式，考场驾轻就熟
1．强调句型
强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一成分，其构成为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
在写作中，我们可以通过强调句型将句子提高到一个新的层次。 ①It is the teacher’s praise that contributes to my success. (2015·湖南卷) (2017·洛阳统
②It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.(江西卷)
③It’s not what difficulties we meet once in a while that shaped our lives, but what attitudes we take to face them.
2．倒装句
在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。常见的有：
(1)“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
①Only when we are healthy and energetic can we become prepared for any hard work in our schoolwork and get fruitful results. 校联考)
②Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.
( 2015·湖南卷) (2017·陕西九(安徽卷)
③Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energy-saving society.
(2)none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如at no time，by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
①Visiting this exhibition, not only will we enjoy the folk art works, but also we will learn a lot. Ⅱ)
②Not only does it affect our daily life, but it also puts people’s lives at risk. (2015·江苏卷)
③Not until the river was seriously polluted did the local government realize the problem. (3)在so/such...that...结构中，当so/such...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。 So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.
(福建卷) (2017·全国卷
(4)here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，on the wall，in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。
In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students. (2015·上海卷) 3．省略句
省略句的应用可以使句子更简洁、明快。写作中主要用到的有状语从句的省略和不定式to后成分的省略。
①As (it is) scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities. (2016·天津卷) ②While (we were) visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artists’ works.
4.虚拟语气
写作中虚拟语气的使用可以使表达更委婉，更具可读性。写作中常见的有以下几种： (1)wish型虚拟语气
I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further. Ⅱ)
(2)if only型虚拟语气
If only I could go back and reset my goals. (3)(should) do型虚拟语气
To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you(should) practice with Chinese people.(2015·四川卷)
(4)It’s (high/about) time (that)．..型虚拟语气
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.
5．非谓语动词
写作中非谓语动词的应用标志着写作水平上升了一个档次，写作中常用到的是非谓语动词作状语和定语。
(1)非谓语动词作状语
①To make the class go smoothly, you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance. Ⅰ)
②So I’m writing you a letter, hoping to get your guide and suggestions. Ⅰ)
③I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.
(2016·北京卷) (2016·全国卷(2017·全国卷(福建卷) (2015·重庆卷) (2017·全国卷(2016·天津卷)
④A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
⑤Faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.
(2016·北京卷) (山东卷)
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