高考
状语从句
考点一 时间状语从句
一、when, while和as引导的时间状语从句
从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生 when while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行,可译为“一边……,一边……;随着……” as 例:While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear
of failure.
当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候,另一些人却被失败的恐惧所驱动着。
As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
随着人口平均年龄的增长,有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。 二、表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
1.as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly 例:The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled
with joy.
我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭,那一刻她欣喜万分。
2.在hardly...when..., no sooner...than...结构中,主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
例:I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室,妻子就打让我立刻回家。 三、before和since引导的时间状语从句
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高考
1.before表示“在……之前;还未……就……;还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式:It will be/was+一段时间+before...过了……时间才……;It won’t be/wasn’t+一段时间+before...没过多久就……
例:We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前,我们需要找到问题的根源。
If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会,可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
2.since意为“自从……以来”,常用句式:It is/has been+一段时间+since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句的时态常用现在完成时或一般现在时。
例:As is reported, it is/has been over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
正如所报道的,自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。 四、till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”,其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词;not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”,not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首,而till不能。
例:If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people
until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不懂的东西,可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈,直到你把它弄明白。 She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 等学生们安静下来后,她才开始上课。
五、every time, each time, next time, the first time, by the time等引导的时间状语从句 例:By the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书,你的饭就凉了。
考点二让步状语从句
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高考
一、although, though, as和while引导的让步状语从句
例:Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效,但它们目前是至关重要的。
Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
夜晚的空气虽然很热,但因为长途旅行之后很累,我们睡得很沉。
注意:(1)although引导的从句不倒装;though引导的从句可用倒装语序,也可不倒装;as 引导的从句必须用倒装语序: 表语/状语/动词原形+as/though+主语+其他,若表语是可数 名词单数,前置时要省略冠词。
(2)though可用作副词,意为“然而”,表转折,置于句末。 (3)while引导让步状语从句,只能置于句首。 二、even if和even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时,表示语气更强的让步,意为“即使,即便”。 例:Tim is in good shape physically even if/even though he doesn’t get much exercise.
尽管蒂姆不怎么锻炼,但体形很好。 三、“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句
(what, who, whom, when, where, which, how)+-ever 表示“无论……”,引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter(what, who, whom, when, where, which, how)。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说,孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力尝试,如果不减少你的饭量,减肥是很困难的。
注意:whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever还可引导名词性从句。 四、whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”,提供两种对比情况。
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