among the laboring classes.
37. More points out that the root of poverty is the ____ _____ of social wealth. 38. Sonnets contain _____ sonnets and ____ sonnets.
39. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its ____. 40. The “miracles” were simple plays based on ______stories.
41. There are significant touches of _____ life in the play titled The Shepherds. 42. A morality play presented the _____ of good and _____ with _____personages. 43. Vice was the predecessor of the modern _____.
44. Through the revival of classical literature, English playwrights came into contact
with ______ and ______drama.
45. From the contact with Greek and Latin drama, English playwrights learned all the
important rules in ____ and ____, the more exact conception of ____ and ____. 46. English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the middle of the
____ century.
47. The first English comedy is ______. 48. The first English tragedy is _____.
49. Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for the
flourishing of ____.
50. In the 16th century _____ became the centre of English drama. 51. By ____, professional actors were organized into companies.
52. ____ were wooden buildings, usually circular in form, with tiers（一排排） of
galleries surrounding a roofless pit（楼下剧场）.
53. In the Elizabethan Theater, there were no ____ and women’s parts were always
taken by ____.
54. Shakespeare’s narrative poem, Venus and Adonis, is full of vivid images of the
______, and aphorisms (格言、警句) on life.
55. Shakespeare was a great ____ of the English language.
56. Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of _____. 57. Shakespeare’s drama becomes a monument of the English ______. 58. Shakespeare was a _____ for play-writing.
59. Shakespeare’s _____ people represent all the complexities and implications of
real life.
Key to the blanks: 1. Latin Bible
2. Protestantism; Catholicism 3. Protestants
4. John Wycliffe; Reformation 5. William Tyndal
6. Authorized Version, James I; King James Bible. 7. Language; literature 8. fixed; confirmed 9. Bible coinages
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10. simple; dignified 11. William Caxton 12. Reading; literature 13. First
14. Shakespeare
15. Printer; publisher 16. 100; 24 17. 15th ; prose 18. National
19. Publisher; culture
20. 14th; 17th 37. private ownership 21. Religious reformation 38. Italian/Petrarchan ; Shakespearean 22. feudalist ideas; interests; 39. Drama purity 40. Bible 23. Humanism; human mind; 41. real human culture 42. Conflict; evil; allegorical 24. Spenserian; Edmund Spenser; 43. Clown The Faerie Queene; 44. Greek; Latin ababbcbcc 45. Structure; style; comedy; tragedy 25. Lancaster; York 46. 16th 26. The Reformation 47. Gammer Gurton’s Needle 《葛顿大娘的缝27. the Enclosure Movement; 衣针》 proletarians 48. Gorboduc 《高波特克》 28. printing 49. Drama 29. feudal; capitalism 50. London 30. sheep devours men 51. 1567 31. William VIII 52. Elizabethan theatres 32. Renaissance 53. actress; boys 33. Henry Howard, Earl of 54. countryside Surrey 55. master 34. 96, Sir Thomas Wyatt, 40, 56. adaptation (revision) Henry Howard, Earl of 57. Renaissance Surrey 58. master-hand (能手) 35. poetry 59. full-blood 36. Utopia, Book One; poverty
Ⅳ. Say true or false.
1. The old English aristocracy having been exterminated (wiped out) in the course of the War of the Roses, a new nobility, totally dependent on King’s power, come to the fore.
2. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
3. The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabled her in 1588 to inflict a defeat on the Spanish Invincible Armada.
4. The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious movement in a political guise.
5. Before the Reformation, the English Bible was universally used by the Catholic churches.
6. Walter Raleigh wrote his History of the World in imprisonment. 7. More the man is even more interesting than More the writer. 8. Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal communist society. 9. Translations occupied an important place in the English Renaissance. 10. Philip Sidney’s collection of love sonnets is Astrophel and Stella.
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11. The Miracle plays were not forbidden to perform in churches after the actors
introduced secular and even comical elements into the performance. 12. The writer of Gammer Gurton’s Needle is unknown.
13. Two lawyers who wrote Gorboduc were Thomas Sackville (托马斯·萨克维尔)
and Thomas Norton（托马斯·诺顿）.
14. Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1—17, Numbers
18—126, and Numbers 127—154.
15. Shakespeare’s sonnets are written for variety of virtues.
16. Engels said, “Realism implies, besides truth in detail, the truthful reproduction of
typical characters under typical circumstances.”
17. Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time.
18. Shakespeare’s one play contains one theme. (contains more than one theme) 19. To reproduce the real life, Shakespeare often combines the majestic with the
funny, the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的) and tragic with the comic.
20. Engels called Shakespeare’s plays the “Shakespearean vivacity (活泼、快活) and
wealth of (大量的) action”.
21. Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters between More and
Hythloday, a voyage.
22. Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and dramatist.
23. Carl Marx commented highly on More’s Utopia and mentioned it in his great
work, The Capital.
24. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry. 25. The miracle plays were simple plays based on Bible stories, such as the creation
of the world, Noah and the flood, and the birth of Christ.
26. Grammer Gurton’s Needle is the first English comedy, Gorboduc the first English
tragedy.
27. Both the gentlemen and the common people went to the theatres. But the upper
class was the dominant force in Elizabethan theatre.
28. After Shakespeare’s death, Herminge and Condell collected and published his
plays in 1623.
29. From Shakespeare’s history plays, it can be seen that Shakespeare took a great
interest in the political questions of his time.
30. In Shakespeare’s historical plays, historical accuracy is not strictly regarded. 31. King Lear is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national hero
to degenerate into a bloody murder and despot right to his doom.
32. Coming from an old Danish legend, Othello is considered the summit of
Shakespeare’s art.
33. Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature.
34. Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing a
process of prosperity.
35. English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an age of
prose.
36. There are two main characters in As You Like It: Orlando and Rosalind.
37. Ben Johnson’s comedies are “comedies of humors” and every character in his
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comedies personifies a definite “humor”.
38. In Ben Johnson’s later years he became the “literary king” of his time.
Key to the True/False statements: 1. T 2. T 3. T
4. F. (a political movement in a religious guise) 5. F. (the Latin Bible) 6. T
7. F (Sidney) 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. T 12. T
13. F ( Book Two) 14. T 15. T 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. T
21. F (a conversation)
22. F (poet and critic of poetry) 23. F
24. F(darma) 25. T 26. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. T
31. F (Macbeth) 32. F (Hamlet) 33. F (realism) 34. F(decline)
35. F (not an age of prose) 36. T
37. F (ordinary people were) 38. T
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