人类大脑皮层的Brodmann分区
以下列出人类大脑皮层的Brodmann分区系统。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1,2和3区:体感皮层(习惯上常称为“3,1和2区”) 4区 - 初级运动皮层 5区 - 体感联合皮层 6区 - 前运动皮层和辅助运动区 7区 - 体感联合皮层 8区 - 包括额页眼动区(Frontal eye field) 9区 - 后外侧前额叶皮层 10区 - 额极区(上额回和中额回最前侧的部分) 11区 - 额眶区(眶回,直回和上额回前侧的一部分) 12区 - 额眶区(上额回和下前回之间的区域) 13区 - 岛皮层 17区 - 初级视皮层 18区 - 视觉联合皮层 19区 - 视觉联合皮层 20区 - 下颞回 21区 - 中颞回 22区 - 上颞回,其前侧部分属于韦尼克区 23区 - 下后扣带皮层 24区 - 下前扣带皮层 25区 - 膝下皮层 26区 - 压外区(Ectosplenial area) 28区 - 后内嗅皮层 29区 - 压后扣带皮层 30区 - 扣带皮层的一部分 31区 - 上后扣带皮层 32区 - 上前扣带皮层 34区 - 前扣带皮层,位于海马旁回 35区 - 旁嗅皮层,位于海马旁回 36区 - 海马旁皮层 37区 - 梭状回 5 38区 - 颞极区 39区 - 角回,韦尼克区的一部分 40区 - 缘上回,韦尼克区的一部分 41,42区 - 初级听皮层和听觉联合皮层 43区 - 中央下区(Subcentral area) 44区 - 三角部,布洛卡区的一部分 45区 - 岛盖部,布洛卡区的一部分 46区 - 上外额叶皮层 47区 - 下额页皮层 48区 - 下脚后区,颞叶内侧的一小部分 ? 49区 - 岛旁区,位于颞叶和岛叶的交界处。 ? Areas 3, 1 & 2 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (frequently referred to as Areas 3, 1, 2 by convention) Area 4 - Primary Motor Cortex
Area 5 - Somatosensory Association Cortex
Area 6 - Premotor cortex and Supplementary Motor Cortex (Secondary Motor Cortex)(Supplementary motor area)
Area 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex Area 8 - Includes Frontal eye fields Area 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Area 10 - Anterior prefrontal cortex (most rostral part of superior and middle frontal gyri)
Area 11 - Orbitofrontal area (orbital and rectus gyri, plus part of the rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus)
Area 12 - Orbitofrontal area (used to be part of BA11, refers to the area between the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior rostral sulcus) Area 13 and Area 14* - Insular cortex Area 15* - Anterior Temporal Lobe Area 17 - Primary visual cortex (V1) Area 18 - Secondary visual cortex (V2) Area 19 - Associative visual cortex (V3) Area 20 - Inferior temporal gyrus Area 21 - Middle temporal gyrus
Area 22 - Superior temporal gyrus, of which the caudal part is usually considered to contain the Wernicke's area Area 23 - Ventral Posterior cingulate cortex Area 24 - Ventral Anterior cingulate cortex Area 25 - Subgenual cortex Area 26 - Ectosplenial area Area 27 - Piriform cortex
Area 28 - Posterior Entorhinal Cortex Area 29 - Retrosplenial cingulate cortex Area 30 - Part of cingulate cortex
Area 31 - Dorsal Posterior cingulate cortex Area 32 - Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex Area 33 - Part of anterior cingulate cortex
Area 34 - Anterior Entorhinal Cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus) Area 35 - Perirhinal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus)
Area 36 - Parahippocampal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus) Area 37 - Fusiform gyrus
Area 38 - Temporopolar area (most rostral part of the superior and middle temporal gyri)
Area 39 - Angular gyrus, considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area Area 40 - Supramarginal gyrus considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area
Areas 41 & 42 - Primary and Auditory Association Cortex
Area 43 - Subcentral area (between insula and post/precentral gyrus) Area 44 - pars opercularis, part of Broca's area Area 45 - pars triangularis Broca's area Area 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Area 47 - Inferior prefrontal gyrus
Area 48 - Retrosubicular area (a small part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe)
Area 49 - a retrohippocampal isocortical structure. It receives numerous subcortical and cortical inputs, and sends major projections to the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex Area 50 –
Area 51 -
Area 52 - Parainsular area (at the junction of the temporal lobe and the insula)
(*) Area only found in non-human primates.
器官位置 端脑由左、右大脑半球、基底核构成,连接两半球的是胼胝体。
大脑半球的外形 1.三个面
每侧大脑半球可分为上外侧面、内侧面和下面三个面。 2.三个叶间沟
中央沟、外侧沟、顶枕沟。 3.五个叶
额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶、岛叶。 4.主要沟回
(1)额叶:中央前沟、额上沟、额下沟、中央前回、额上回、额中回、额下回。 (2)顶叶:中央后沟、中央后回、角回、缘上回等。
(3)颞叶:颞上沟、颞下沟、颞上回、颞中回、颞下回、颞横回等。
(4)内侧面:扣带沟、距状沟、侧副沟、扣带回、中央旁小叶、海马旁回等。 (5)下面:嗅球、嗅束等。
大脑半球内部结构
1.大脑皮质机能区
(1)躯体感觉区:中央后回和中央旁小叶后部。 (2)躯体运动区:中央前回和中央旁小叶前部。 (3)视区:距状沟两侧皮质。 (4)听区:颞横回。
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