课题： 中考语法复习专题 形容词和副词教案 1. 掌握重点单词与词组，并能运用到考试题型中． 2. 通过讲解举例掌握形容词和副词的用法 3. 掌握形容词副词的比较级和最高级的构成 教学目标： 4. 通过句子解析掌握形容词副词句型的综合运用和中考考点 1. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成 教学重点： 2. 形容词与副词间的相互转换；掌握少数以ly结尾的形容词或副词。 3. 形容词和副词的用法以及形容词变副词规则及中考考点 1. as + adj. / adv. + as\或\等句型。 教学难点： 2. 形容词和副词比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化 教学内容： 一、Warming up 1、听写（纸制小测验）所复习的单词和词组。 2、提问上次课所学的重点知识（冠词和代词）。 二、Presentation （一）形容词和副词 形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性，副词和形容词一样，在句中起修饰作用，所不同的是：形容词主要修饰名词；而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。 1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：Our country is a beautiful country. 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家。（作定语） The fish went bad. 鱼变坏了。（作表语） We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持我们的教室干净、整洁。（作宾语补足语） (2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 例如：I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 在这部电影里有一些有趣的事情吗？ (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 例如：Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每个人，无论男人、妇女，老人和年轻人应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 你可以拿走箱子，大的或小的。 (4) 用形容词表示类别和整体。某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接， the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。 例如：The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。 (5) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。 例如：The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。 2. 副词的用法 (1) 副词在句中可作状语。 He studies very hard. 他学习很努力。（作状语） (2) 副词在句中的位置 1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。 例如： Mr Smith works very hard.史密斯先生工作和努力。 She speaks English well.他的英语讲得很好。 2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。 例如： He usually gets up early.他通常起得早。 3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如： He runs very fast.他跑得很快。 He didn’t work hard enough.他工作不够努力。 4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如： On my way home, I met my uncle.在回家的路上，我遇见了我的叔叔。 (3)部分常用副词的用法 1) very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如： She is a very nice girl她是一个很漂亮的姑娘。 I’m feeling much better now.现在我感觉很好。 Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如： I don’t like the idea much.我不太喜欢这个主意。 They did not talk much.他们很少交谈。 2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如： She can dance, and I can dance, too.她会跳舞，我也会。 I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.我没有读这本书，我的弟弟也没有。 3) already, yet already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如： He has already left.他已经离开。 He hasn’t answered yet.他仍然没有回答。 4) so, neither so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。 例如： My brother likes football and so do I.我哥哥喜欢足球，我也喜欢。 My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.我哥哥不喜欢跳舞，我也不喜欢。 3. 以ly结尾的形容词 大部分形容词词尾加ly可构成副词，但有些以ly结尾的词如friendly, lovely, lonely, ugly, curly等只能作形容词；有些以ly结尾的词既可以作形容词也可以作副词，如early, daily等。 4. 副词的构成 除了本身就是副词外，还有一部分是由形容词加ly构成的，其变化有规律可循,请记住以下 口诀： 一般直接加ly，“元e”去e加ly，“辅y”改i加ly，“le”结尾e改y。 分别举例如下： quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly. 其变化规则如下： 1、在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如: real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; hopeful-hopefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly 2、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily 3、某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如: terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently 另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.) 5.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级 用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1） 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest 以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少nice nicer nicest 数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单big bigger biggest 音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est \以辅音字母+y\结尾的双音节词，busy busier busiest 改y为i，再加-er，-est 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未clever/narrow cleverer/ narrower cleverest/ narrowest 尾加-er,-est 部分双音节词（①以形容词加lysoft more soft most soft 构成的副词；②由现在分词和过去tired more tired most tired 分词变来的形容词）和多音节词，important/ more important/ most important/ most 在前面加more，most来构成比较easily more easily easily 级和最高级 2） 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best well（健康的） bad worse worst ill（有病的） old older/elder oldest/eldest much/many more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 3）主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 (1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如： He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 (2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 (3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房间和我的一样大。 (4）倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ the … + of。例如： This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. 4）比较级形容词或副词 + than 。例如： You are taller than I. 你比我高。 注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother. （对） He is more clever than his brother. （对） He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 （错） China is larger than any country in Asia. （对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? (1) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 \极,很,非常, 十分\。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (2) \形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 \表示 \越来越... \。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热。 注：可修饰形容词比较级的词much, even, a lot, a little, no, some等。 6. 最高级表达形式及用法 I、基本用法 1、三个或三个以上的人或事物相比，其中一个人或事物在某方面比其他都好，这就要使用形容词与副词的最高级。其结构为：the+形容词/副词（最高级）+其他+of（in，among）+（比较范围）例如： This is the happiest day in my life.这是我一生中最快乐的一天。 2、最高级的副词和形容词的比较应该有一个范围，这个范围通常由介词of，in，among+名（代）词构成的介词短语来表示。 Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school. 赵小姐是学校里最受欢迎的教师之一。 II、比较级表示最高级的几个句型： 最高级表示的最常见形式是“主语+谓语+the most.......(est) + 比较范围。”除此之外，常见的表达最高级含义的比较级结构还有： 1)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than the others This one is much larger than the others.这一个比其它大的多得多。 2）主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than anyone (anybody, anything)else He is stronger than anyone else in his class.他比班上的任何人都强壮。 3) 主语+谓语+比较级 + than any other +单数名词 I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想汉语比任何的课程更受欢迎。 专项练习（根据情况定做题） 1.-How are you getting on with your work? -I can't do it ______ any longer; I'll have to get help. A. singly B. quietly C. alone D. hard 2-What do you think of his surfing? -Oh, no one does ______. A. good B. well C. better D. best 3.-How far is it from your home to your school? -It's a quarter's walk, ______. A. here and there B. now and then C. up and down D. more or less 4.He walked______ fast for us______ catch up with. A. so; that B. such; that C enough; to D. too; to 5.In our city, it's______ in July. but it is even _______ in August. A. hotter ; hottest B. hot ; hot C. hotter, hot D. hot; hotter 6.It is ______ to work out this problem. You needn't go to the teacher. A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily 7.-My CD is seven yuan .What about yours? -Only five yuan. It's_______ than yours. A. less B. cheaper C. lower D. smaller 8.The food not only looks nice but also smells_____. A. good B. well C. lovely D. delicious 9.---Why don't you ask Tom to do it? ---I don't know whether he is_______ to. He sometimes makes things worse. A. possible B. able C. afraid D. easy 10.--- How many members are there on the team? --- Eight this term. But there will be ten_______ next term. I' m not quite sure. A. at all B. at last C. at least D. at once 11.-Is this physics problem______? -Yes. I can work it out______. easy, easily B. easy, easy C. easily, easy D. easily, easily 12.Remember this, children. ______careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make. We know, Miss Gao. A. The more, the more B. The fewer, the more C. The more, the fewer D. The less, the less 13. Everything is _______ at night markets . You don't need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear 14.It is _________ today than yesterday . Shall we go swimming this afternoon ? the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter 15. Some studies have shown that students who eat good breakfast stay _______ and do______ than those who don't. thin; well B. thinner ; better C. the thinnest; the best D. thinnest; best 16.. -The ticket said that the famous singer would come here this evening. - Yes. It's really ___________that he didn't. wrong B. sorry C. strange D. surprised 17. The boss didn't like James because he was not _________learning new things. A. afraid of B. worried about C. tired of D. good at 18.---Li Lei did very well in the English exam. ---Oh , yeah ! He is ___________ English. A. weak in B. angry with C. good at D. afraid of 19. This second-hand camera is much ________ than that new one. cheap B. cheaper C. dear D. dearest 20. The population of Shanghai is ________ than of Shijiazhuang. A. smaller B. larger C. less D. large
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