虚拟语气教案2

Unreal conditionals

Unreal conditionals and things hoped for or desired

There are other ways to talk about unreal situations apart from those we have learnt.

1. We use mixed conditionals when the time of the main clause is different from that of the if clause.

1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。 （从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）

2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already. 如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

3) If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now. 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。

4) If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。

5) If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange for some of my friends there to meet you at the airport.

假如你过两天去海南，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。

2. We can use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for in place of if clauses in implied conditionals.

1) We couldn't have succeeded without your help (=if we hadn't got your help).

2) But for the rain(=If it hadn't been for the rain)，we would have finished the work. 3) Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。

4) But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是没有你们的帮助，那个小男孩早就淹死了。 5) We could have done the work better in that case.

要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。

(2) 用一个副词或连词but / otherwise / or等表示虚拟条件和真实情况交织在一句中如： 1) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or (=If he hadn't telephoned to inform me of your birthday)I would have known nothing about it.

2) There might have been a terrible accident, but he braked the car before it was too late. = if he hadn’t braked the car before it was too late.

3) He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .（本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business trip，表示：要是他在家没出差的话）他本来早就来看你了，可他却出差刚刚回来。

4) But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment.

（本句中的上下文是：But that you helped me，表示：要不是有你帮助我）要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的

3. We also use even if, as if, as though and if only to introduce unreal situation. He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter. If only I had seen the film.

I would never go there en if I were given the chance to. Nicholas is smiling as if he knew nothing about it.

Mike talks as though he had been to the Great Wall before. If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador! time structure Past … had been/done… Present … be/did… future … would/could/might do… 4. We can express unreal situations after wish and would rather. I wish there were no wars in the world. I would rather you hadn’t told me about. Wish后的宾语从句 Time structure Present … were/did… Future …would /could might do past … had been/done… Would rather 后的宾语从句 Time structure Present … were/did… Future … were/did… past … had been/done… 5. We normally use should+ bare infinitive in clauses which express a suggestion, requirement or demand. The word should can be omitted. 1. 用在宾语从句中：be/ should do

He insisted that Kate (should) do the job. We suggested that the meeting (should) not be postponed. Verbs：ask、advise、determine、decide、command、insist、propose、move、prefer、urge、order、recommend、request、require、demand、suggest、desire、intend Exe: She asked that she ___ allowed to see her son in police custody.

A. would be B. could be C. be D. was 2. 用在主语从句中

It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion. It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts.

Adj.：essential、necessary、important、advisable、appropriate、desirable、fitting、imperative （紧急的）、impossible、necessary、proper、urgent、insistent、strange ed- participle：desired、demanded、ordered、requested、suggested、recommended、required，etc.

Exe: It is imperative that students hand in their terms papers on time. 3. 用在同位语从句或表语从句中

1) The suggestion that he be invited was rejected. 2) Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%. Nouns：advice、command、demand、desire、order、decision、decree（法令、判决） instruction、requirement、resolution（决定）、suggestion、recommendation、necessity、request、proposal，etc.

3) He left orders that nothing be touched until the police arrived here.

这一用法中，be-型虚拟式可与“should+不定式”交替使用，也可与“to-不定式”交替使用。 4) He ordered that the books be sent at once.

=He ordered that the books should be sent at once. =He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 6.it’s (high/about) time 后的从句用虚拟语气

It’s time that we had/ should have a meeting to talk about the problem. 同步练习

1. Maybe if I ________ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying

2. I ________ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone 3. I ________ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come

4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ________ more on its culture.

A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused

5. Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.

A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow

CA DB A

用所给词的适当形式填空

1. We followed his suggestion that we ________ (ask) our teacher for help. 2. If only I ________(finish) my homework yesterday.

3. She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I ________(not meet) her. 4. But for your help in time, we ________(not arrive) home safe and sound.

5. The man insisted that he ________(not steal) anything and insisted that he ________(set) free

right away.

6. A few hours earlier, and you ________(see) the famous writer.

Ask; had finished; would not have met; would not have arrived,;didn’t steal,should be set; would have seen 选择填空

1. ---Did you attend the meeting?

---I ________ the news now if I ________ it.

A. would have known; had attended B. would know; attend

C. would know D. would have known; attended 2. It’s time that he ________ what he should choose as his major.

A. would reconsider B. reconsiders C. has reconsidered D. reconsidered 3. How I wish I ________ to learn Japanese when I was ten. A. would begin B. began C. should begin D. had begun 4. A few minutes earlier and we ________ the train.

A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 5. He talks about pyramids as if he ________ them himself. A. saw B. has seen D. had seen D. did see

6. The officer ordered that the soldiers ________ themselves at once. A. must hide B. did C. hide D. had hidden

7. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 8. He _______ the job well, but he ________ so careless.

A. had done; had been B. could do; was C. could have done; was D. hadn’t done ; had been 9. Without electricity human life ________ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

10. If only I ________ the news yesterday! I had wanted to call on her.

A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know CDDCC CDCDA