In 2002，archaeologists dug up 50 chicken bones from a s
ite in Chile called El Arenal.The team from New Zealand
analyzed one of these bones.According to their calculations，the bone is about 650 years old.
The researchers also compared the DNA from the South American chicken bone
with the DNA from 11 chicken bones that had been found on the Polynesian islands of
Tonga and American Samoa.These islands are 6,000 miles west of Chile.The bones
found on the Polynesian islands are between 2,000 and 600 years old. Results of the comparisons showed that the chicken bones from both the Polynesian and South American sites had one stretch of DNA in common.The researchers found the same stretch of DNA in feathers of two living chickens in Chile
that belong to a modern breed (品种) that lays blue eggs.That DNA evidence suggests a
close relationship among the chickens.
语篇解读:这是一篇科普类说明文，研究发现鸡是最早横渡大洋的动物之一。 21．What people were the first to live in South America according to the passage?
A．The Inca people. B．The European people. C．The Polynesians.
D．The people from New Zealand.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The Inca people were already living
in
South America”可知答案为A。 答案：A
22．When did the first European explorers get to South America? A．About 620 years ago. B．About 520 years ago. C．About 650 years ago. D．About 2,000 years ago.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知第一批从Polynesia到Chile的人
是在大约620年前。再根据第三段最后一句可知，第一批到达南美洲的欧
洲人则
晚了大约一个世纪，故选B。 答案：B
23．Scientists got evidence that chickens were among the first to travel from Polynesia
to South America by ________. A．comparing the colors of eggs B．studying some previous theories C．comparing the DNA of chicken bones D．asking the native people in South America
解析：细节理解题。根据最后两段可知是通过对比鸡骨头中的DNA才得出这个结
论的。 答案：C
24．This passage mainly tells us that ________. A．DNA can be used to analyze the origins of animals B．scientists found the oldest chicken bones in Chile
C．chickens may possibly be among the first ocean voyagers
D．it was difficult for people to travel across the oceans in old times 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是，研究表明，鸡是最早横渡大洋的动物之一。
答案：C
25．This passage most probably appears in ________. A．a book about chicken B．a report on human history C．an exploring guideline D．a science magazine
解析：推理判断题。本文是一篇科普文章，最可能出现在科普杂志上。 答案：D B
(2020·山东高考)“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.” “Two full inches in the first three days！”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine，newspaper，radio and television ads，promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or
the device.The promoters of products say they can shape the legs，slim the face，
smooth wrinkles，or in some other way to add to beauty or desirability. Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoters.The results they produce are questionable，and some are dangerous to
health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public，it is
necessary to understand something of the laws covering their
regulation.If the product
is a drug，FDA(Food and Drug Administration )can require proof (证明)under the
Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the
market.But if the product is a device，FDA has no authority to require premarketing
proof of safety or effectiveness.If a product already on the market is a danger to
health，FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market
voluntarily，or it can take legal action，including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the
Relaxacisor，which had been sold for reducing the waistline.The Relaxacisor produced
electrical shocks to the body through contact pads.FDA took legal action against the
distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health
and life.
Obviously，most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court
proceedings (法律诉讼)，and new devices appear continually.Before buying，it is up to
the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items. 语篇解读:本文剖析了一下广告华丽语言背后的真相，提醒消费者要注意广告中
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