专题十一 特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点
近几年，高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉，因此，也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。在考查强调句的同时，把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起，考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
1 强调句
①构成和判断：
“It is/was＋被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)＋that(指人可用who)＋句子的其余部分”。如：
It was because he was ill that he was absent. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。如： Was_it on the street that_you met Tom? What_was_it_that made him upset?
Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset? [注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。
③not until的强调句，其结构为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余部分”。如：
It was not until I came back that he left. ④强调谓语用“does/do/did＋动词原形”。如： He did come back yesterday.
①In my opinion，Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present. A. does does B. does did C. does do D. did do
②—What did she want to know，Tom?
—She wondered ________ we could complete the experiment. A. when was it
B. it was when that C. it was when
D. when it was that
③It was on the farm________ they visited ________ they got to know. A. where；that B. which；when C. that；that D. which；which
④—________ that he managed to get the information? —Oh，a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
⑤It was about 600 years ago ________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
【答案】①C ②D ③C ④C ⑤A
2 it 用法
①指代上文的同名同物。如：
There is no more than one copy left. Will you buy it? ②作形式主语和形式宾语。如：
It is impossible to get there in time. I owe it to him that I can succeed.
We should bring it to his attention that he should work hard. ③like/dislike/hate/appreciate/prefer/want/stand/...＋it＋从句 ④depend on/rely on＋it＋从句；see to＋it＋从句
⑤用于固定短语或句型中。如：get it/make it/catch it/forget it/it's worth it/I can't help it/as sb. put it/mean it。
⑥指代时间、天气、距离、温度或在打电话、有人敲门等情形时。
①I dislike________ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them
②It worried her a bit________ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for
③You must see to________ all the children are being taken good care of. A. that B. it
C. it that D. whether
④________ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.
A. As B. That C. This D. It
【答案】①A ②B ③C ④D
3 倒装句
①表方式或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，主语是名词时要全部倒装，且不用进行时倒装。若主语为人称代词则不倒装。如：
In came the teacher.老师进来了。 In he came. 他进来了。
②分词、形容词放在句首全部倒装。如： Hanging on the wall are two pictures.
③“Only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”放在句首时倒装(在强调句中不可倒装，not until也是如此)。如：
Only then did he realize he was wrong. Only when you work hard will you succeed. ④否定词和否定短语(in no case，under no circumstances，on no account，in no way，on no condition，by no means，at no time)放在句首时倒装。如：
He said that under no circumstances would_he_give_up．
⑤Hardly/Scarcely...when...＝No sooner...than 用过去完成时，主句倒装。如： Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.
＝No sooner had the football game begun than it started raining. ⑥not only...but (also)．..中not only后的句子需倒装。如： Not only is the young man clever but also he is hardworking. ⑦表示“A...B也(不)．..”，用so，neither/nor 倒装。如： He speaks Chinese，and so do I.
He doesn't speak Japanese，and nor/neither do I.
⑧so/such... that...(如此??以至于) 放在句首时倒装。如： Such a good teacher is_he that we all like him. So good is_the_teacher_that we all like him.
⑨as表示 “虽然” 时，用“名词(不带冠词)/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as...”。如： Child as he is，he knows a lot.
⑩表虚拟语气中的had，were，should提到主语前。如： Were it to rain tomorrow，I would not go there. ＝Should it rain tomorrow，I would not go there.
Had I attended the meeting yesterday，I would have seen him.
①Only when I left my parents for Italy ________ how much I loved them. A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
②________，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
③I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom________ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt
④So sudden________ that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
⑤Not until ________ on TV ________ that the Chinese ship was rescued by the European Union Task Force.
A. I turned；did I know B. did I turn；did I know C. did I turn；I knew
D. I turned；I had known
【答案】①D ②D ③A ④C ⑤A
4 主谓一致
①and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数。如： The writer and worker is in the room.
②动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数。如： Educating girls is very important.
③度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。如： 5，000 dollars is a large sum of money.
④all of.../most of.../some of.../half of.../part of.../the rest of.../百分数/分数词/??后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。如：
All of the books have been sold out. All of the money has been lent.
⑤team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时，需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式。如：
The family is made up of five members. The family are watching TV.
⑥“the rich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/...(表示“一类人”)＋复数谓语”“the new/old/beautiful/unexplained/...(表示“抽象概念”)＋单数谓语”。如：
The old are easily taken in.
⑦以many a＋n.，more than one＋n.，each/every/no＋n.(＋each/every/no＋n.)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Many a student has seen the film. Each girl and each boy has a book.
⑧“A number of...＋复数谓语”“The number of...＋单数谓语”。如： A number of students are fond of the book. The number of students in our class is 50.
⑨“Quantities of＋单数名词/复数名词＋复数谓语”“A quantity of＋单数名词＋单数谓语”“A quantity of＋复数名词＋复数谓语”。如：
Large quantities of water are badly polluted. A large quantity of water is badly polluted. 10就近原则(either...or...，not ○only...but also，not...but，neither...nor...，there be)；
就远原则(with，along with，together with，as well as，such as/like，rather than，besides，including，but，except)。如：
Not I but Tom and Jack are right. Nobody but Tom and Jack is right.
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Many a student________(have) already made such an interesting experiment. ②The teacher and writer________(be) delivering a speech now.
③Mary along with her parents ________(be) going to attend the meeting.
④Not only the students but also their teacher ________(be) interested in the book.
⑤Ten years ________(be) a moment in history.
⑥Only 60 per cent of the work ________(be) done yesterday.
⑦Quantities of good earth________(be) being washed away each year. ⑧More than one student ________(have) failed the exam. 【答案】①has ②is ③is ④is ⑤is ⑥ was ⑦ are ⑧has
5 反意疑问句
①must，may，might，can，could表示推测时，可先将句子改为I am sure that句型，反意疑问句部分的动词形式根据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如：
He must be a doctor，isn't he?
＝I am sure that he is a doctor，isn't he?
He must have seen the film last week，didn't he?
＝I am sure that he saw the film last week，didn't he? You must have heard about it.
＝I am sure that you have heard about it，haven't you? ②当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine，guess，be sure等，且主语为第一人称时，要对宾语从句的主语反问。如：
Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed，does he? I don't believe Jane will succeed，will she? ③在并列句中，要对第二个分句反问。如：
He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher，isn't she?
④祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为： 否定祈使句，＋will you?
肯定祈使句，＋will/won't you? Let's...，＋shall we?
Let us/me/him/...，＋will you?
⑤陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：
He could hardly believe his own eyes，could he? ⑥陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't 均可。若含有ought to时，则用oughtn't 或shouldn't。如：
There used to be a bridge here，usedn't/didn't there?
⑦当主语是everything，anything，something等时，用it反问。当主语是everyone，anyone，somebody等时，用they或he反问。如：
Everything is all right，isn't it?
Everybody is here，aren't they/isn't he? ⑧回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则：看所提到的事物是否已发生或未发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如：
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