英语语言学树形图举例

The dog that he keeps e bites

c) Herbert found the man she loved. Deep structure

CP

C S

NP VP

N Infl V NP

CP

Det N C S

NP Infl VP

NP N V N

Herbert found the man she loved who

Surface Structure

CP

C S

NP VP

N Infl V NP

CP

Det N S C

NP Infl VP

NP NP N V

N N Herbert found the man (whom) she loved e

d) The girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics. Deep structure

CP

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C S

NP VP

Det N CP V PP

P NP C Infl S

N NP VP

PP

N Qual VP NP V P N

The girl he often quarrels with whom majors in linguistics

Surface Structure

CP

C S

NP VP

Det N CP V PP

P NP C S

N NP NP Infl VP

PP

N N Qual VP NP V P N

The girl whom he often quarrels with e majors in linguistics

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8. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences. a) Would you come tomorrow? Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP AdvP

N Infl V Adv

you would come tomorrow

Surface structure

CP

C S

VP

NP AdvP Infl N Infl V Adv

would you e come tomorrow

b) Can you pass me the newspaper?

Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP NP N Infl V N Det N

you can pass me the newspaper

Surface structure

CP

C S

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VP

Infl NP NP NP N Infl V N Det N

Can you e pass me the newspaper

c) Should the students report the incident? Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP NP Det N Infl V Det N

the students should report the incident

Surface structure

CP

C S

VP

Infl NP NP Det N Infl V Det N

should the students e report the incident

d) What did you eat for lunch?

Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP PP

NP NP N Infl V P

N N

you did eat what for lunch

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Surface structure

CP

NP C S

VP

Infl NP PP

NP NP N N Infl V P

N N

what did you e eat e for lunch

e) Who should this be reported to ?

Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP PP

VP NP N Infl V V P

N

this should be reported to whom

Surface structure

CP

NP C S

VP

N Infl NP PP

VP NP N Infl V V P

N

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whom should this e be reported to e

f) What was Helen bringing to the party?

Deep structure

CP

C S

VP

NP PP

NP NP N Infl V P

N Det N

Helen was bringing what to the party

Surface structure

CP

NP C S

VP

N Infl NP PP

NP NP N Infl V P

N Det N

what was Helen e bringing e to the party

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