B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.
C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field. D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing.
Passage 7(2018南京)
Rachel Carson(1907-1964) was a pioneer of the world's environmental movement through her writing about the protection of the natural world. Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people. It describes the harmful changes in the environment of using toxic(有害的) chemicals on farmland.
Carson's career started as a biologist in the US Bureau of Fisheries. ln 1951 she published her first book, The Sea Around Us, which became a bestseller. It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next two books were also about the oceans and both topped the book sales lists.
Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature. It painted a bleak(荒凉的) future for the whole natural world. It led to a nationwide ban(禁止) on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT, and other toxic pesticides(农药) that farmers used for their crops. Many people say the book led to the creation of America's Environmental Protection Agency.
Since her death, Carson's name has continued to be connected with protecting the environment. There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize. Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have made great contributions to the field of environmental protection. In 1980, 16 years after her death, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour in America.
( )1. What happened to Rachel Carson in 1962? A. She started to write books. B. She gave up working as a biologist. C. Her book The Sea Around Us sold well. D. Her book Silent Spring made her famous.
( )2. What most probably made Rachel Carson leave her job? A. She got an award.
B. She published Silent Spring.
C. The Sea Around Us brought her enough money. D. The US government took notice of her researches.
( )3. Why is the book Silent Spring important to America's environmental protection? A. It describes a silent spring. B. It topped the book sales lists.
C. It changed how America thought about nature. D. It includes all Carson's research achievements.
( )4. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. The book Silent Spring. B. The way America thought. C. The US Bureau of Fisheries.
D. America's Environmental Protection Agency.
( )5. Why was Rachel Carson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom? A. She published the book Silent Spring.
B. She did a lot of researches for the US Bureau of Fisheries. C. She donated much money to the Rachel Carson Book Prize. D. She made great contributions to the environmental protection.
参考答案
专项训练一 人物故事
Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。李老师在办公室被飞进来的球砸到，他以留纸条的方式将球归还给犯错的学生。这说明李老师既聪明又善良。 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D
Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Zach是个乐于助人的年轻人，从很小的时候就开始帮助别人。现在他通过徒步的方式筹款，帮助无家可归的孩子们。 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C
Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了布莱恩喜欢喜剧并立志成为喜剧演员，但他的梦想却被同学嘲笑。他不忘初心，抓住机会；坚持梦想，获得成功。 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B
Passage 4【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了传奇人物丽贝卡·夏洛克的故事。她能记住日常生活中所有事件的细节，但这种超常的记忆力给她带来的并不都是甜蜜。 1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A
Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了与众不同的服装设计师Carlton Joseph的故事。
1. C【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：当Carlton写第一本书的时候他多少岁了？根据第三段的“...in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year.”可知，他2004年写了第一本书。又根据第二段第一句可知，他出生于1980年。因此他写第一本书时是24岁。故选C。
2. B【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“it”指的是什么？根据最后一段的“...he has grown a beard. ‘My wife likes it...’”可知，it指代Carlton的胡子。故选B。
3. A【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第五段的主旨大意是什么？第五段通过叙述Carlton的穿着和对眼镜的痴迷来叙述Carlton喜欢看起来与众不同。故选A。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，下面哪一项是正确的？根据第二段“...Carlton started designing...at college.”可知，他在上大学前就有服装设计经验了。故选D。 Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国伟大的作家马克·吐温的生活经历。而这种经历深深地影响了他的作品，为他的作品打上了“地方色彩”的烙印。 1. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：本文中，划线词“gift”意思是什么？上一段主要说明了马克·吐温作品的“local colour”，而“This gift is very clear...”是承接上一段，所以gift应是指local colour。故选B。
2. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，哪一个是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》最精彩的部分？根据最后一段第一句“The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself.”可知选C。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：“Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.”最适合放在短文哪里？根据文章第四段第一句话可知，马克吐温几乎没有受过教育，他是通过自学成才的，所以需要把这段话放到第四段开头作为引文过渡衔接。 4. D【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文主要讲述了什么？纵观全文，本文前两段概述了马克·吐温名字的来历，后五段叙述了马克·吐温的经历以及其这些经历对他的作品的影响。实际上，马克·吐温名字的来历也是其经历的一部分，所以本文主要概括了马克·吐温的经历以及他的经历对其作品的影响。故选D。
Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国著名的海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊的生平事迹，她的作品《寂静的春天》开启了美国以至于全世界的环境保护事业，1980年——她去世16年后，被追授“总统自由勋章”。
1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在1962年蕾切尔·卡逊发生了什么事情？由文章第一段第二句“Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people.”可知，在1962年，她的作品《寂静的春天》使她出名。故选D。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：是什么最可能让蕾切尔·卡逊放弃了她的工作？由文章第二段第三句“It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing.”可知，她的书给她带来足够的钱可以让她专心写作。故选C。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么《寂静的春天》对美国环境保护来说很重要？由文章第三段第一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America
thought about nature.”可知，《寂静的春天》完全改变了美国考虑自然的方式，所以它对美国环境保护来说很重要。故选C。
4. A【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“It”在第三段指的是什么？由It前一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature.”可知，It指代《寂静的春天》这本书。故选A。
5. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：为什么蕾切尔·卡逊被授予“总统自由勋章”？从整篇文章来看，蕾切尔·卡逊改变了美国考虑环境的方式，她抵制DDT等有害化学药品，为世界环境做出了非常巨大的贡献，所以被授予“总统自由勋章”。故选D。
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