第二节 方法运用于命题
短文改错的常考命题
短文改错的命题主要有三种类型：错词、多词和少词，三者的比例一般为8∶1∶1。每句话中最多设2处错。即有的句子无错，有的句子有1处错，有的句子有2处错。需要变形的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词。 1．类型之一：错词
错词主要涉及名词的单复数、冠词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、动词的时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式)等的错误：
(1)名词的误用，包括可数名词和不可数名词的误用以及名词的单复数形式的误用。 (2)冠词的误用，不应该用冠词的地方用了冠词，应该用冠词的地方用错了或没用。 (3)介词的误用，包括对特定介词的用法意义判断错误以及固定搭配中的介词误用等。 (4)形容词和副词的误用，包括系动词be和感官动词后的形容词的误用以及形容词和副词之间的误用。
(5)代词的误用，包括人称代词的主格与宾格、反身代词、物主代词以及不定代词的误用、代词指代错误等。
(6)动词的误用，包括时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、谓语动词缺失、短暂性动词和延续性动词混用等。 2．类型之二：多词
多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、不定式符号to、词义重复及行文逻辑等方面。
3．类型之三：少词
少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、不定式符号to、物主代词等。 点津 为了做好短文改错题，可记住下列口诀： 短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。
名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”“多”“少”。 动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。 连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。 介词多半考搭配，多漏误用想周到。 句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。 词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。
(2017·全国Ⅱ)
Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 答案
all
Mr and Mrs Zhang 或all work in our school.They live far from the school，
botha
and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare
an/oneinterestingthat
time，they are in planting vegetables in their garden， is on the
interestedwhichrooftop of their house.They often get up
earlier
and water the vegetables
early
Beside
together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.，they often get some
Besidesuseful
informationscame
from the Internet.When summer ，they will invite their
informationcomes
∧
students to pick the fresh vegetables! 71．答案 all→both或删除all
解析 词法错误。Mr and Mrs Zhang是两个人，故用both。因both在此作同位语，也可以删除。all指的是三者或三者以上。 72．答案 a→an/one
解析 词法错误。hour是以元音音素开头的单词，前面要用不定冠词an。表示“一个小时”可以用an hour也可以用one hour。 73．答案 interesting→interested
解析 词法错误。interesting意为“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，多指人。该句的主语是they，故用interested。be interested in对……感兴趣。 74．答案 that→which
解析 句法错误。此处是非限制性定语从句，应用which而不能用that引导。 75．答案 earlier→early
解析 行文逻辑错误。此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实，没有比较的意思，故不用比较级。 76．答案 删除for
解析 词法错误。表示“买某物”直接用buy sth.。buy还可用于buy sb.sth.或buy sth.for sb.，表示“为某人买某物”。 77．答案 Beside→Besides
解析 词法错误。此处表示“此外，而且”，应用besides。beside在……旁边。 78．答案 informations→information
解析 词法错误。information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 79．答案 came→comes
解析 词法错误。when引导的时间状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 80．答案 pick前加to
解析 词法错误。invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事。
(2017·全国Ⅲ)
When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 答案
When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I
had
grown have
and
not only physically， also mentally in the past few years.About one month after buttookbecome
this photo was ，I entered my second year of high school and a new member
takenbecamethey∧
of the school music club.Around me in this/the picture are the things that/whichwere very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying
difference
kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and
different
late
collecting the music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy
latest
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