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小口诀：
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一．基本讲解 来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”.
He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
1.引导词
(1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。
Eg: She said,“I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said.
She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.
I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei .
I’m not sure whether he will come or not.
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if
eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can’t say whether or not he will come on time
c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.
Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3). 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.
E.g. ‘What do you want?’ He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don’t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态
a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制
eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I’m sorry to hear that your father is ill.
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She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.
b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态
She didn’t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）
注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：
Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.） The teacher told us （seeing is believing.） 3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他
* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell me） Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing? *Has she seen the movie？（He asked.） He asked if she had seen the movie.
*Could you tell me what's the matter\\wrong with you?
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。
例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
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l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例：I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
三，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。 例:
1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum? 注意事项：
※由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。 例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
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She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. ※宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.Have you decided ________for Australia?
A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave 2.Can you tell me _________ ?
A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 3.The old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema 4.I think _______ you will like him.
A. that B. if C. why D. how 5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how 6.I wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me _________
A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is 8.Ask him ___.
A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup 9.I don’t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts 10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .
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A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill 11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.
A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _________?
A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _________?
A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape 14.They want to know _________?
A. where is the hospital B. how old are you C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying 15.Tony wanted to know _________.
A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking
16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not. A. when B. whether C. where D. if 17.July didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim’s father B. when was the first watch made C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch 18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. what should we do 19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea. A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do 20.He asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the money C. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money
能力提高练习
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