<-)肋动词基本概念
Auxiliary Verb
助动词
Tho Auxiliary op it a helper v?rb and go?s before the n anto makea sentence make sense.
协助主要动词构成谓语的词叫助动词( Auxiliary Verb ),也叫辅助动词。
被协助的动词称作主要动词( Main Verb )。
助动词用来构成时态和语态。
例如:
He does not speak English well. (他英语讲得不好。)
句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与 not —起构成否定形式。
A dog is running after a cat. (一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)
句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ? (他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)
句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词 have 一起构成疑问。
助动词具有语法意义,但没有词汇意义,不可单独作谓语。它没有对应的汉译。
例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(does是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义)
最常用的助动词有:be, have, has, do, does, shall , did, will
should
,
would
助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或者语态,也可构成疑问句和否定句,构成否定句时与否定副词 (二)助动词的分类
助动词的世世具性质分,土要有$大类=
L基本助动词主
基本助动词只有三个 1 be (am= isz ire, wis: do(do: does, did> have
它们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成佻被动态,否定 句,疑问句等。
例如:
He is giving a lecture-他在作讲座 * 萼假计划实施了吗?
Heha& made a plan.他已经制定了计划?
Hi small animals are kept in the cages 小动物都关在笼
黑足计耶左尬丁吗丿
子里.
2. 半助动词: 在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。
常见的半助动词有:
be about to , be due to , be going to , be likely to
be meant to be obliged to be supposed to , be willing to
not连
3. 情态助动词: 情态助动词包括:will(would) ,shall(should) , can(could) , may(might) , must , need , dare , ought to , used to , had better 情态助动词一般简称为情态动词。后接动词原形。
have to ,
seem to , be unable to
情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。
两个情态助动词不能连用。
例:
他将能够及时完成此事。
He will can finish it in time.
He will be able to finish it in time.
be unwilling to 等
x
V
(三)助动词用法精讲
1.
助动词be的用袪
1) 也-现在分词,构成进行时态中例如: They arc having meeting.他彳|]正在开会a
English is becoming more and more important.英i吾现在越来越重要2) 过去分词,枸成被动语态。例如’
The ivindow was broken by Tom一窗户是汤媳打碎的。 English is taught throughout the
.世界各地都教英语 *
3) 2 +动词不壬式.可\表示:下列内容=
札表示最近、未来的计划或安排.例如,
Heis to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约心 AVe are io reach rhe freshmen.我们寻教新主。
说明!这种用法也可以说成是一种將来时态表达法.
b. 表示命令。例如:
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。
c. 征求意见。例如:
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?
d. 表示相约、商定。例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
?
2. 助动词have的用法
Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
相关推荐: