冠、代、介词首先看
Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ____________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
introduction 解析：空格前是冠词，空格后是of所有格，故此处用名词形式。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____________(attract)．
attraction 解析：根据前面的its及形容词top“头等的；最重要的”可知，后面跟名词形式。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ____________(achieve)．
achievement 解析：介词of后应用名词作宾语。此处achievement表抽象意义，意为“成就感”，故用单数形式。
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 ____________(develop) of chopsticks.
development 解析：根据空格前面的the可知，所填词应用名词形式。
Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 1．根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。
2．根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后。
B．C., influenced the
3．填名词时，一定要注意单复数及拼写。
主谓一致
语法、意义、就近原则统筹看
Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 1．(2017·天津卷)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
is regarded 解析：三种锻炼形式与动词regard之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语后有along with连接的短语时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，即与cycling一致，此处谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is regarded。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____________(be) often acceptable.
is 解析：分析句子结构可知，句中动名词短语leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语，故谓语动词用单数。
3．(2017·福建福州八中高三质检)As the saying go, “United we stand; divided we fall.”____________________
go→goes 解析：句中的主语是the saying，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
4．(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考)She took the lift to the eleventh floor, and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was.____________________
was→were 解析：在where引导的宾语从句中，主语是her desk and her computer，谓语动词须用复数形式。
5．(2017·吉林长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.____________________
know→knows 解析：know是定语从句中的谓语动词，其形式由先行词person确定。由于person是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
6．(2017·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.____________________ learn→learns 解析：主语是each student，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 (一)主谓一致的基础“3原则”
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。 1．语法一致原则
(1)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。 My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
(2)and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room. 她的老师和朋友都在客厅。
The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
2．就近一致原则
(1)由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 3．意义一致原则
(1)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 (二)主谓一致的3种特殊情况
1．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
2．all，the rest，the remaining/part...＋主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。
The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull. 讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
3．“几分之几/百分之几＋of＋名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只做了60%的工作。
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