We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.
Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t m
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34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .
Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,” or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’s exam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not 37 because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and 38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t see the real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.
To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would y
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40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Migrant workers
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have 41 most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the 42 in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to 43 outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.
In view of the 44 living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a 45 attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low 46 or a complete lack of it. This 47 the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.
Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. 48 , the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. 49 , many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater 50 to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do 51 work in their home country.
One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs a
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52 ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be 53 since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this 54 , along with others, because of the 55 financial benefits which they receive. 41. A. presented
B. devoted
C. adapted
D. restricted
42. A. style 43. A. call in 44. A. excellent 45. A. casual
B. evidence B. bring up B. difficult B. familiar
C. case C. turn down C. fair C. major C. competition C. blocks C. By comparison C. Consequently C. prediction C. routine C. voluntary C. considered C. disadvantage C. reasonable
D. hint D. help out D. stable D. final D. taxation D. protects D. In other words D. However D. challenge D. potential D. revolutionary D. expected D. appreciation D. potential
46. A. consumption B. pressure 47. A. occupies 48. A. For example 49. A. Therefore 50. A. agreement 51. A. skillful 52. A. temporary 53. A. claimed 54. A. sacrifice 55. A. limited Section B
B. increases B. In particular B. Likewise B. outcome B. vivid B. ordinary B. criticized B. reminder B. considerable
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Forty-three years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come.
But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was surprised that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had only a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969.
It was tough indeed. When the module (登月舱) was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop.
As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year.
Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle (轻声笑), saying: “It was never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.”
For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his achievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars.
“I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger (记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.”
Armstrong passed away last month at the age of 82, but he will be remembered. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),” his family said to Reuters. 56. It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong __________.
A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work well B. believed the module would land safely on the moon C. had prepared himself to face possible failure D. planned to land the module on the moon by himself
57. How did Armstrong respond when people doubted that he had been to the moon? A. He was angry.
B. He was troubled by it.
C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong. D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day.
58. By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but f
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