2020中考英语专题—— 非谓语动词专项练习

中考英语专题—— 非谓语动词专项练习

非谓语动词

【考点1】动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的形式 肯定式 否定式 to do not to do Tell the children to eat healthy food. Tell the children not to eat unhealthy food. 【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能用作谓语，其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。 I want to buy a computer. It’s important for us to learn English. 2. 动词不定式的句法功能 成分 主语 用法 1) 位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数 2) 常用it作形式主语，把不定式放在后面 例句 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 表语 宾语 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 常见句型: It's+ adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth. [形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时，用of; It's extremely kind of you to come and meet me. It's dangerous for you to drive so fast. 形容词用于描述不定式动作时，用for] It’s my duty to save patients It is a / one’s + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语 Her job is to clean the hall. =To clean the hall is her job. 1) 作某些动词的宾语，如want, refuse, forget, Tom can't afford to buy a car at present. afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等 2) 在find, think后作宾语时，常用it代替，作宾语的动词不定式后移 I find it easy to read English every day. 宾补 1) tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class. remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补 2) 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被动要还原to I saw him cross the road. My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss. 定语 1) 不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面 2) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词 3) 不定式修饰不定代词something, anything等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式” On the farm everyone has lots of work to do There is nothing to worry about. I want a pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. I had something cold to drink. 状语 表目的 表结果 表原因 He worked day and night to earn money. The policemen searched the house only to find nothing. They were very sad to hear the news. To tell you the truth, we don’t want to include you. 独立成分 这种不定式独立与句子之外，表示说话者的态 度、语气等,如to be honest, to begin with等 例题1：My parents often tell me too much junk food because it’s bad for my health. A. not eating A. fetched A. turning

B. not to eat B. to fetch B. turned

C. eating C. fetching C. to turn

D. to eat D. fetches

例题2：He hurried back home ____ his schoolbag.

例题3：Jack’s teacher asked him ________ off the lights after class. 例题4：— Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum? — ________ healthy, my dear. A. To keep B. Keep A. to live A. give up

B. living in B. gave up

C. Keeping C. to live in

D. giving up D. of; learn

D. Kept

例题5：When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place________. 例题6：Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him ________ smoking.

C. to give up C. for; learn

例题7： It is important ______ people ______ good manners. A. for; to learn

B. of; to learn

例题8：—Let me help you carry the box, Granny. —Thank you, Li Lei. It’s very nice ______ you ______ me. A. of; to help

B. for; to help

C. of; helping

D. for; helping

例题9：—It’s our duty ______ our city clean and beautiful. —Yes. We should do something for it. A. to keep A. talk

3. 动词不定式的常见搭配 1) 疑问词+不定式 可以作主、宾、表等，相当于名词性从句，因此常用这个结构把复合句改为简单句 2) too +adj.+ to do 3) adj./ adv. +enough to do 例题1：She’s not strong enough _______ walking up mountains. A. to go B. going C. go

D. went

例题2：— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? — I haven’t decided where ________. A. go

4. 动词不定式符号to的省略

1) 在“一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, I saw him go into the room just now.

B. keep B. talked

C. keeping C. talking

D. to talk

例题10： At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children.

参考答案：BBCAC CAAAD

太…而不能… 足够…做… Where to go is still a question. The problem is where to find him. I don’t know what to do next. = I don’t know what I should do next. He is too young to go to school. He is not enough to go to school. B. went C. going D. to go

参考答案：AD

have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半帮助(help)”后作宾补的动词不定式可以省略to，但在被动语态中，必须带to。 2) would rather(not) do than do ; had better(not) do 3) why not do; can’t but do 4) 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加to，后面的动词不定式省略to 例题1：You look too tired. Why not __________a rest? A. stop to have

B. to stop having

= He was seen to go into the room just now. The boss made my friend work the whole night. =My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss. We had better take some warm clothes. Why not have a rest? I can’t but walk to school. I want to visit him and ask for some help. C. stop having

例题2：— Let’s play football on the playground.

— It’s too hot outside. I would rather ______ at home than ______ out. A. to stay; go B. staying; going C. stay; to go 例题3：— What a heavy rain!

— So it is. I prefer________ rather than________ on such a rainy day. A. to go out; stay at home C. going out; stay at home A. practice singing

B. to stay at home; go out D. staying at home ; go out C. practiced singing

D. stay; go

例题4：The boy is often heard__________ in the music room. He sings very well.

B. to practice singing

例题5： What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us ______. A. jump A. be made

【考点2】动名词 1. 动名词的形式 肯定式 否定式

2. 动名词的句法功能 成分 主语 表语 宾语 用法 1) 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 2) 有时可用it作形式主语，动名词后移 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语 1)作介词或由介词构成的动词短语的宾语，如be interested in; be used to; feel like; think of等 2)作某些动词的宾语，如enjoy, practice, finish, They haven't finished building the dam.

B. to jump

C. jumping C. made to

D. jumped D. make

例题6： If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ laugh.

B. be made to

参考答案：ADBBA B

doing not doing Sleeping is good for our health. I’m sorry for not having informed you of the meeting. 例句 Reading aloud is very helpful. It’s useless arguing with him. His job is teaching English. =Teaching English is his job. We are thinking of making a new plan. mind, miss, suggest, imagine, consider等 定语 表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于修饰语之前 swimming pool 游泳池; reading room阅览室; walking stick手杖, , working people劳动人民等 【注】有些动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语是有差别的： forget to do sth.忘记要做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事; mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味着做某事; regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做过某事; stop to do sth.停下来做另外一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事; try to do sth.尽力做某事，try doing sth.试着做某事; need to do 需要做某事(主语为人)，need doing=need to be done需要被做(主语为物)。 例题1：I hope everyone can care about ______ the environment and stop ______ things. A. protecting; wasting A. to ask; write

B. protecting; to waste B. to ask; writing

C. protect; wasting C. ask; writing

D. protect; to waste D. asking; to write

例题2：Why not ______ your teacher for help when you can’t finish _______ the story by yourself. 例题3：Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs______ so that it can be reused. A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting 例题4： _______ honest is the first thing people should learn. A. Being

B. Look

C. Be

D. Become

例题5： — Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games? — For your health, my boy. A. play B. to play

C. to playing

D. playing

例题6：— I didn’t hear you come in just now.

— That’s good. We tried _______ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make A. Learn

3. 动名词的常见搭配 1) there be+名词+doing 2) prefer doing to doing 3) No doing 4) would/ Do you mind doing 5) How/What about doing 某处有某人或某物在做某事 喜欢…胜过… 禁止/不准做某事 你介意做某事吗 做某事怎么样 There were some people rowing on the river. I prefer staying at home to going out. No parking. 禁止停车。 Would you mind opening the window? What about having a picnic this Sunday? The boy spent twenty yuan buying a T-shirt.

B. not to make B. Learning

C. to make C. Learned

D. making D. To learning

例题7：Our English teacher often says to us, “ _______ English well is very important”. 参考答案：ACDAD BB

6) sb. spend some time/ money 某人花费一些时间/金钱做某(in) doing sth. 事 7) 常见能接动名词的短语 can’t help; stop…fro; be busy等 be used to; look forward to; He was busy working when I came in. 例题1：He used to ______ in a small village, but now he has been used to______ in a big city. A. live; living

B. live; live

C. living; living

例题2：Would you mind ________ the door? It’s quite windy outside.

A. close B. closing C. to close

例题3：— I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice? — _______ sharing your worries with your parents? A. Why don’t you

B. How about

C. Why not

D. Would you like

例题4：— Would you like__________ camping with me? — I’d like to. But I’m busy ________ my homework. A. to go; to do B. to go; doing — Me too. A. seeing A. move

【考点3】分词 1. 概念

分词常常扮演形容词的角色，也有动词的性质。分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，过去分词通常由“动词原形+ed”构成 (也有不规则变化)。

现在分词与过去分词对比 现在分词 过去分词 2. 现在分词用法 用法 1) 帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时 例句 He is reading an interesting book now. 时间上 表示动作正在进行 a developing country (发展中国家) 表示动作已完成 a developed country(发达国家) 语态上 表示主动 the ruling class (统治阶级) 表示被动 the ruled class (被统治阶级)

B. see

C. saw

例题6：The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand_________ to the rich land in the south of China.

B. to move

C. from moving

参考答案：ABBBA C

C. going; to do

D. going; doing

例题5：— I’m looking forward to ________ my parents soon. What about you?

2) 作定语：分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前; China is a developing country. The woman standing behind the counter is my mother. 分词短语作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词后 3) 作表语：表示主语的性质、特征或者状态 【注】动名词与现在分词作表语的区别： 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征; The play was interesting. My job is teaching. (句中的teaching为动名词，是对主语内容的进一步说明) 我的工作是教书。 动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释 My job is interesting. (句中的interesting为形容词化的现在分词，表示主语的特征) 我的工作很有趣。 4) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，Can you hear her singing a song in the next room? 表动作正在进行或动作的持续 【注】现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别： 现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行; 不定式作宾补表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作 5) 作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。 I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行) I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成) He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 例题1：Seeing their teacher _______ into the classroom, they stopped _______ at once.