Plan progressing

Plan progressing

(Jane Qiu)

I have read the second chapter of book carefully (Commercial Poultry Nutrition) and referred to a lot of English professional papers, during this week. In addition, I put the knowledge that I have learned into four Tables. The first one is about the basic animal nutrition knowledge. Mastered the basic composition of animal nutrition, their role in animal growth, and the calculation method. The second table showed the source of feed and their characteristics. Table 3 is to explain the method of raw materials test. Feed toxins and pollutants is listed in table 4. I don’t know whether this kind of report form is feasible, and I am very anxious to get your advice. Furthermore, I plan to read the content of nutrition requirement about poultry in different stages of growth next week.

April 18, 2014

Basic Animal Nutrition:

arginine（精氨酸） histidine（组氨酸） isoleucine（异亮氨酸） leucine（亮氨酸） lysine（赖氨酸） methionine（蛋氨酸） phenylalanine（苯丙氨酸） threonine（苏氨酸） tryptophan（色氨酸） valine（缬氨酸）

Proteins are organic

compounds composed of conjugated amino acids in proportion that are characteristic of each protein

Essential amino acids

Protein and Amino Acids

alanine（丙氨酸） asparagine（天冬氨酸） aspartic acid（半胱氨酸） cysteine, cystine（胱氨酸）

Non-essential

glutamic acid（谷氨酸）

amino

glutamine（谷氨酞氨）

acids

glycine（甲氨酸）

hydroxyproline（羟脯氨酸）

serine（丝氨酸） tyrosine（酪氨酸） Gross Energy(GE) Digestible Energy(DE) Apparent Digestible Energy(ADE) Metabolizable Energy(ME) Apparent Metabolizable Energy(AME)

True Metabolizable Energy(TME)

Net Energy(NE) Lipid-soluble vitamin Water soluble vitamin

When a particular essential amino acid is deficient in a diet, it is referred to as a limiting amino acid because it limits the synthesis of protein. All of the amino acids needed to synthesis a protein must be

available or no synthesis can occur

The energy liberated when a substance is combusted in a bomb calorimeter

Dietary gross energy intake minus the gross energy of the excreted feces

The gross energy of the feed consumed minus the gross energy of feces

The digestible energy minus the gross energy of gaseous and urinary losses

The gross energy of the feed consumed minus the gross energy contained in the feces, urine, and gaseous products of digestion

The gross energy of the feed consumed minus the gross energy of the excreta of feed origin

The difference between metabolizable energy and heat increment

Energy

A, D , E, K B, C

Vitamin

Feeds:

Corn High in starch, oil, Vitamin E; low in fiber, vitamin D, B-complex vitamins. Amino acid composition is not balanced. Wheat has slightly more lysine and phosphorus than corn, which is an excellent feed grain for animal, but usually is not competitively priced with corn.

Sorghum is often a cheaper source of energy and produces more economical gains. It can be more variable in nutrient content than corn because of growing conditions, and sorghum kernel is smaller and harder than a corn kernel.

Barley contains more lysine than corn. It contains less energy and more fiber.

Oats have more lysine than corn and sorghum. Their high fiber content limits their application in animal diets.

Fats and oils contain about 2.25 times as much metabolizable energy as most of the cereal grains. Adding fat to adlibitum fed diets generally tends to increase backfat thickness.

Table sugar is a excellent source of energy, small amount of sugar may be used to increase the palatability of feed Molasses is a product of the sugar-refining industry

Wheat

Sorghum

Energy Barley Source

Oat

Fats and Oils

Table sugar Molasses

Bread meal, Wheat bran, Rice bran, Bakery meal, Cookie meal

Soybean meal has long been considered the best source of supplemental protein in diets for poultry. The popularity of soybean meal in poultry feeds is largely due to its high concentration of protein and its excellent profile of highly digestible amino acids and its high content of lysine. While soybean posses a certain amount of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid, which cause depressed growth performance in poultry.

Cottonseed meal is high in protein, low in lysine and tryptophan

Its use in animal diets is limited because of the deleterious effects produced by the residue free gossypol found in the pigment glands of the seed

Canola meal has less lysine but more sulfur containing amino acids than soybean meal

Sunflower meal is high in fiber content and sulfur containing amino acids, and low in lysine, it should be utilized in limited quantities in animal diets The protein in fishmeal has a high proportion of essential amino acids in a highly digestible form, particularly methionine plus cystine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan. Present in the Soybean Meal

Protein

Cottonseed Meal

Sources

Canola Meal

Sunflower Meal Fish meal