The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning of agricultural waste, and huge increases in the burning of fuels by vehicles, industries, and power stations. Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves has made the problem worse. Many poor people burn fuels like wood and animal waste in such stoves.
Scientists say the cloud of pollution appears to cool the land and oceans by blocking sunlight.
They say it reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface by as much as 15 percent.
At the same time, heat inside the cloud warms the lower parts of the atmosphere. Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall.
This acid rain damages crops and trees and threatens public health.
Scientists are concerned that the pollution will intensify during the next 30 years as the population of Asia increases to an estimated 5,000 million people. Keys:1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C
Task3: Mountain regions face a number of dangers Script
Mountain people around the world are in great danger of the negative effects of the worsening environment, according to a UN report.
As global warming and deforestation accelerate and technology makes wilder places more accessible, environmental and social pressures on the world's remotest regions increase.
The UN has found that many mountainous regions—inhabited by one out of five of the world's people—are barely recognizable when they are compared to what they were like 60 years ago.
This is mostly because forests were cut to make way for cattle grazing and agriculture. The authors of the UN study expect 98 percent of the mountain areas to experience severe climate change by 2055.
Biological losses are expected to be heavy.
The mountains of Europe, parts of California and the northwest Andes in South America are among the most threatened mountain areas in the world and should be given priority in conservation.
The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problems facing mountain areas because they are inhabited by some of the most vulnerable people.
These people could lose their culture and their livelihood with even the smallest shifts in climate.
At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people. Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year.
In other areas like Nepal, people are drifting to the cities in search of work. Keys:
(1)negative (2)report (3)warming (4)pressures (5)mountainous
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(6)barely
(7)make way for
(8)expect 98 percent of the mountain areas to experience severe climate change by 2055
(9)The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problems facing mountain areas (10)Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year Viewing and speaking:
Task 1:Santa's home town in danger Script
Weather experts may have found a new problem caused by global warming, one which many people will pay attention to: There are signs that Santa's home in the North may be in trouble because of warmer temperatures.
The Finnish town of Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle, which many Europeans say is the home of Santa Claus, has had its warmest winter in 40 years.
As a result, there has been much less snow than usual—meaning no snowmen, no snowballs, and possibly not enough snow for Santa to ride his sleigh on.
More important for local residents, it may mean fewer tourists, as well. Santa's wintry home town normally attracts thousands of visitors each year, and millions of dollars. Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town's tourist director, worries that the town could be in trouble if snow levels do not return to normal.
She explains: \is really important for us, of course, for Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our winter tourism because winter is our best season. It is really important for us.\
Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is an one-time thing. Few people can imagine a holiday when even Santa does not have a white Christmas. Keys: (1)signs
(2)warmer temperatures (3)warmest (4)snow (5)attracts (6)trouble (7)normal (8)season (9)one-time (10)white
Task 2:Talk after viewing Script
The image of Santa Claus flying in a sleigh pulled by reindeer and leaving toys and gifts for every child is known worldwide, and Santa Claus has become the most beloved of Christmas symbols.
But if the weather at Santa's home town were to become so warm that there was no more snow at Christmas, Santa Claus would lose his charm.
So snow is really important for Santa Claus, for his home town's Christmas tourism,
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and its winter tourism as winter is the best season in Santa's home town. Unit 2 test Part I
Keys: 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D Part II
(1)chemicals (2)atmosphere (3)particles (4)trapped (5)lasts
(6)human-based (7)progressed
(8)Even in Ancient Rome people complained about smoke put into the atmosphere (9)Air pollution can have serious consequences for the health of human beings
(10)Cities with large numbers of automobiles or those that use great quantities of coal often suffer most severely from air pollution problems Part III
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B Part IV
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.C Uint 3
Culture makes me what I am Task 1:On the first day
Collectivism Individualism Individualism Collectivism II. Basic Listening Practice Keys: 1.B 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.A III. Listening In
Task 1:Competition in America Keys:1.C 2.A 3. C 4.B 5.D
Task 2:How to select elective courses? Keys: (1)roots (2)what (3)moral (4)diligence (5)sin
(6)teachings (7)centuries
(8)If it's worth doing at all, it's worth doing well
(9)In English a new word has been created to describe people who work compulsively
(10)Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive
Task3: Cross-cultural tips on doing business
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Keys:1.D 2.A 3. D 4.A 5.C IV. Speaking Out MODEL1 MODEL2 MODEL3 V. Let?ˉs Talk
Task 1:International Slavery Museum Keys: 1.
(1)transatlantic slave trade (2)unknown lands (3)dignity or payment 2. (1)rich
(2)cotton and sugar 3.
(1)all over the world (2)family history (3)changed 4.
200th anniversary 5.
(1)banned
(2)taking part in (3)slavery (4)freed
Task 2:What's your answer?
VI. Further Listening and Speaking Listening Task:
Task1: Problems with our educational system Script:
To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people's time.
Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology and maybe an explanation.
People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay.
Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on time. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time.
But they usually don't try that at work.American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others.
When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to change it.
If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to
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