Unit 4

If I did like online chatting, I certainly wouldn’t become addicted to it. I’d arrange my time scientifically. .

3. Useful expressions

1)对某人的判断 to make up our minds about sb. (L.1) 2) 一连串的反应 a chain of reactions (L.3) 3) 从??到?? range from…to…(L. 4)

4) 把(精力/注意力)集中于 to (be) focus(ed) sth. on (L.6) 5) 吸引住他人的兴趣 to hold the interest of others (L. 16) 6)对某人形成一种印象 to form an impression about sb. (L. 16) 7) 以??为某事的基础 to (be) base(d) sth. on (L. 17)

8) 致力于?? to be committed to sth/doing sth (L. 20) be devoted to, be dedicated to

9) 集中精神，专注于?? to be absorbed in (L. 21)

be caught up in, be involved in, be lost in, be engaged in, be immersed in 10) 给某人留下深刻印象 to impress sb. with以……(L. 22) 11) 目不转睛地注视?? to fix one’s eyes on / upon (L. 24) 12) 使所有的人都受不了 to drive everyone crazy (L. 24) 13) 处于全盛时期，在最佳状态 to be at one’s best (L. 26) 14) 全身心 with one’s whole being (L. 29) 15) 中断目光接触 to break eye contact (L. 38)

16) 注视着那头狮子 to keep my eye on the lion (L. 42) 17) 对??过于认真 to take … too seriously (L. 51) 18) 使轻松愉快 lighten up (L. 55)

4. Summary of the text

Directions: Carefully read the following paragraphs and use the words you’ve learned in Text A to fill the blanks.

Scientific research _(1)____ that within the first seven seconds of meeting others we can make up our minds about them through a chain of ___(2)_____; because ____(3)_______ or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with our eyes, faces, bodies and ____（4）_____. If we want to leave a good impression on others and get their cooperation, we should make full__（5）__ of our good qualities, such as physical ____(6)______, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice and ___(7)_____. We should be _____(8)_______ ourselves, at our best when communicating with others. __(9)___ others believe what they see __(10)__ what they hear, we must use our eyes to look directly at them and ___(11)__ to convey the information that we are sincere and ___(12)____. Sometimes, _(13)_____ can work for us in a stressing situation. All we have to do is to ___(14)____ up and be our true selves. Once we have done the above, we already have within us the __(15)___ to lead ourselves to _(16)______ in social life. 1. shows 2. reactions 3. consciously 4. attitudes 5. use 6. appearance 7. gestures 8. consistently 9. Since 10. over 11. smile 12. relaxed 13. humor 14. lighten 15. power 16. success

Unit 4 Section B

Words and phrases 1) lack of (L.7)

They were prevented from buying a big house by their lack of money. 他们由于缺钱而不能买一座大房子。（not having enough of） He’s good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.

他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。 lack 作为名词时；搭配为“lack of”； 作为动词时；搭配为“lack/ be lacking in”。 词语辨析 lack(v.) be short of

二者都表示“缺乏，没有”

lack: ( 或通常be lacking in ) 特别于抽象名词连用；

be short of：当谈及物体和物质时， be short of 比lack更常用。 老师说着孩子缺乏信心。

The teacher said that the child lacked/was lacking in confidence. 在沙漠中他们缺少食物和水。

They were short of food and water in the desert.

(在这类句子中如用lack, 就显得非常正式。) 2) in relation to (L. 10)

The President paid much attention to his comments in relation to this affair. 总统非常重视他有关这件事情的意见。(concerning) 温度随着压力的变化而变化。

Temperature changes in relation to pressure. 3) assume (L.12)

Most people assume the lack of success is the result of his carelessness.

大部分人都认为他的失败是粗心的结果。(假定；臆断) 词语辨析： assume presume suppose 这组词都有“假定”的意思。 assume vt. “假定”、“设想”，强调把未证实的事实权且当作事实或真理．舍有较强的武断的意味。

presume vt. “推测”、“假定”，常指以经验作依据进行合乎逻辑的推测、推断，语气比较正式。

suppose vt. “猜想”、“假定”，普通用语，有时指有一定根据的猜想，有时用于陈述自己的意见、建议，而非确指或判断。

在听到对他不利的证言之前，我们假设他是无罪的。

We _____________ his innocence before hearing the evidence against him. (assume) 从他们讲话的样子看来，我推测他们是结了婚的。

From the way they talked I ___________ them to be married. (presumed) 我想他是一个正直的人。

I _____________ him an honest (supposed)

因为她不在这里，所以我猜想她一定是回家了。

As she's not here, I _____________ she must have gone home. (suppose)

4) become acquainted with (L.12)

She returned to Shanghai, where she became acquainted with many well-known writers.

她回到上海，在这里她结识了许多名作家。（become familiar with） 警察说很明显那些贼对校园很熟悉。

Police said the thieves were obviously well acquainted with the school grounds. 5) estimate (L.16)

I don’t know exactly how many people were at the meeting, but I estimate the crowd at about a hundred.

我不知道参加会议的准确人数，但我估计大约有100人。（v. figure out, judge） 她估计这项工作需要三个月。

She estimated that the work would take 3 months. 构词法

overestimate v. 高估 underestimate v. 低估 6) pick up (L.19)

When I lived in China, I picked up some ideas for good cooking.

我住在中国时，学到了一些烹调知识。(learn sth. unconsciously and without particular efforts) 孩子们学外语比成年人容易。

Young children pick up foreign languages easier than adults.

温故知新：

pick up 还有“拿起，捡起”“取（物）， 用车接载（人）” 电话铃响了，朱迪拿起了电话。 The telephone rang and Judy pick it up. 我也许要我的弟弟开车来接我。

I might get my brother to come and pick me up.

7) account for (L.20)

Can you account for your being absent last Friday?

你能说明上周五缺席的原因吗? （explain and give information about） 她无法解释1 000多美元的用途。

She was unable to account for over $1,000. 8) aggressive (L.29)

Animals can become unusually aggressive when they are upset by a sudden environmental change.

当动物因周围环境的变化而变得焦躁不安的时候，它们往往就会具有攻击性。（a. 挑衅的） A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed. 一个好推销员一定要有闯进才能成功。（ a.有进取心） 一场侵略战争

an aggressive war 攻击性武器

aggressive weapons 有进取心的年轻人

an aggressive young man 9) status (L.33)

Women have little status in some countries. 在有些国家，妇女没有什么地位。( n. 地位，，身份)

她有英国公民的身份。

She has the status of a British citizen. 社会地位 social status 婚姻状况 marital status 10) project (L.37)

project oneself: present or show one's qualities

Not many people understand that body language also helps project one's self in a certain way. 形体语言在某种程度上可以表现自我，这一点许多人都不知道。 那位学生设法表现自己以获得新老师的好感。

The student tries to project himself in order to make a good impression on the new teacher. 同根词辨析

词根同为“-ject”（投）

project v.&n. 表明；计划 subject v. 使服从，使遭受 reject v. 拒绝；丢弃 inject v. 注射，注入 object v. 反对

11) promote (L.38)

If he is not promoted soon he plans to get a job with another company. 如果他不能马上获得提升，他准备去另一家公司求职。(vt. 提升，晋升) 公司在去年提升了她两次。

The company promoted her twice last year. 12) conviction (L.41)

He has strong conviction about his cause; he will not change his mind. 他对事业有很强的信念，他不会改变自己的想法。(n. 坚定的信仰；确信) 她是个意志坚强的人, 她不会背叛信念。

She is a person of strong will so she will not go against her convictions. 13) economic (L.43)

The country is in a bad economic state.

国家的经济状况不太好。(a. “经济的，经济方面的，经济上的) 词语辨析 economic economical

economic a. “经济的，经济方面的，经济上的”，指经济学科范围，与政治相对而言。 经济危机economic crisis; 经济政策economic policies

economical a. “经济的，实惠的”，与节约同义，有“节省的，不浪费之意”。如： 我们必须节约用电。

We must be economical of electricity. 14) be/feel at home (L.45)

By the end of the year she was beginning to feel at home in her new job 到年底前，她已经开始对新工作感到很熟悉了. （feel comfortable or relaxed in a place or situation） 他们很友好热情，我很快就感到无拘无束了。 -

They were warm and friendly and I felt at home right away. 15) be content with (L.47)

She doesn’t want more money—－she is quite content with what she has. 她不需要很多钱—她对自己拥有的已经很满足了。(be satisfied with) 他们都对那儿的生活感到满意。