17.B 看到or就会想到either; not only...but also; neither...not...,both...and都是固定搭配。在竞争中失败的动物，要不就是饿死，要不就被别的动物杀死。 18.A 由前句starve to death和or可知，此处应同death意义相近。 19.A 为生存的抗争不同于人类战争。
20.C 由后面的jobs, markets and materials可知，此处应填“个人”。 workers, officials和residents（居民）都以偏概全。
高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项
People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow (小睡) offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study added to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to form strong memories.
An average night's rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind's ability to memorize: Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words --- such as “cookie”, “heart”, and “sixteen”----and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn't improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent.
Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep. People woken while their closed
eyes made rapid movements recalled much more colorful and detailed dreams than people woken during other stages of sleep.
1. According to the passage, to have a good memory, a person had better _______ at night.
A. sleep four to five hours at most B. sleep as much as possible C. sleep with four or five periods of REM D. have a shallow sleep
答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第二段 “An average night's rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep… This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night -- and therefore inadequate REM sleep -- may be damaging their mind's ability to memorize:”可知，REM 睡眠包括四个或者五个阶段，如果成年人睡眠少于七到八个小时，会伤害大脑的记忆力，故答案为C。
2. If you don’t sleep seven to eight hours at night very often, _______. A. you will tend to have longer periods of REM B. your strong memories might be ruined C. you will have an adequate REM sleep D. your mind can form strong memories
答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。结合上题的分析可知，如果睡眠少于七到八个小时，记忆力会受到伤害。故答案为B。
3. The third paragragh is mainly about _______ of the most recent study.
A. the process B. the results C. the participants D. the content
答案解析：答案为A。通读第三段可知，本段是关于研究的过程。故答案为A。
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To explain the imortance of REM sleep to one’s memories B. To persuade readers to sleep seven to eight hours at night. C. To discuss the relationship between sleep and memories D. To introduce the new study on sleep and memories
答案解析：答案为D。本题考查作者的写作目的。本文第一段引入了REM 睡眠对人的记忆力的影响，第二段对其进行了具体介绍，第三段介绍了研究的过程，最后一段对REM 睡眠作出了进一步的解释，故答案为D，介绍一项睡眠和记忆的新研究。
完形填空。
The purpose of a letter of application(求职信)is to help you to “sell” yourself. It should state 1 the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2 . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 3 any necessary fact.
In writing such a letter, keep in 4 what a possible employer is most 5 to want to know about, therefore, the opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 6 the first few sentences fail to 7 the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be 8 at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs of the employer not 9 your own needs of desire. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your 10 in today’s paper,” you might say “I have made a careful 11 of your advertising during the past six months.” 12 “I have made a survey(调查)to find out how many housewives use your product and why they like it.”
Be clear about the kind of job you are now 13 .Try to avoid(避免)generalities. College 14 looking for their first positions often ask, “What can I 15 against such a situation in a letter? Employer want experience—which, naturally, no 16 has.” The answer is that everything you have ever done is 17 . It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 18 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something clear to do or expect. An excellent19 is to enclose(内附)a stamped, self-addressed envelop with your letter, which makes it 20 for a possible employer to get in touch with you. ( ) 1. A. clearly B. carefully C. seriously D. easily
提示:本段第一句是文章的论点，下文都是围绕在求职中如何“推销”自己展开论述。
后文表明正确地推销自己并被雇用不是一件容易的事，排除D项。本段最后一句对求职信的要求表明:求职信重要的是表达清楚，因此，正确答案为A。 答案:A
( ) 2. A. found B. done C. known D. heard
提示:求职信应该说明你做过什么，有哪方面的经验，所以，正确答案为B。下文有该答案的暗示。 答案:B
( ) 3. A. sending out B. taking out C. leaving out D. picking out 提示:上文说求职信应表达清楚，本句进一步说不要有遗漏。 答案:C
( ) 4. A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind 答案:D
( ) 5. A. probably B. possibly C. likely D. able
提示:本题考查词的辨析。从语法上讲四个选项都正确，但是able用在此处语意不通;probable和possible作表语时都不用人作主语;likely作表语时既可以人作主语也可物作主语。 答案:C
( ) 6. A. While B. Now that C. As D. If 答案:D
( ) 7. A. pay B. win C. show D. fix
提示:解此题时应注意词的搭配和用法:pay attention to 和fix one’s attention on 的主语为发出该动作的人;win one’s attention 的主语为被注意的对象。 答案:B
( ) 8. A. kept B. continued C. written D. read
提示:解此题时，不妨将四个选项分别代入空格，根据语意的不同，很容易找出正确答案是D。全句的意思为:如果一封信的前几句引不起读信人的注意，那么这封信的剩余部分就不会被读下去了。 答案:D
( ) 9. A. to B. for C. into D. from
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