名词和反身代词

名词知识总结

一、名词的分类

1. 可数名词：单数形式和复数形式。Many / (a) few +可数名词复数 2. 不可数名词：只有原形形式。Much / (a) little +不可数名词原形 注意：any/some / a lot of /lots of / +可数名词复数/不可数名词原形 二、不可数名词量的表示

数字+“量词”（名词）+of +不可数名词原形。

注意：1.当这类短语做主语时谓语动词与量词单复数保持一致。 2. 当数字大于一时，只有“量词”用复数，其他不变。 三、可数名词复数变化规律 1.直接在名次后加s。

2.以s, x,ch,sh(四齿西施)结尾的名词在末尾加es 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i再加es. 4.以f或fe结尾的名词，先变f或fe为v再加es.

【半片叶子自己黄；（half, leaf , self）妻子拿刀去杀狼；(wife , knife , wolf )小偷架后逃命忙 (thief , shelf , life, )】

5.以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es,无生命的加s 6.特殊变化：

foot—feet tooth—teeth child—children woman—women man—men sheep—sheep 三、名词所有格 1.’s格

名词+’s +名词 注意：（1）当第一个名词以s结尾时，只加’不加s .

（2）当一个物为两个人共有时只在后面那个人后加’s 或’分别有时分别加 （3）翻译按照从前向后的顺序翻译。 2.of格：名词+of +名词

注意：翻译按照从后向前的顺序翻译。

练习

一、写出下列名词的复数形式：

1. pencil-box ___________ 2. wife _______ 3. Sunday________4. city______ 5. dress _______ 6. Englishman ________7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________9. zoo ________10. exam______

二、选择

1.______that pair of new ______ expensive?

A, Is…shoe B, Are…shoe C, Is…shoes D, Are…shoes 2.There are many ______in the fridge.

A, food B, fruit C, eggs D, bread

3.There’s only a little ______in the fridge. That’s not enough for breakfast. A, cakes B, bread C, eggs D, biscuits 4.They got much ______from those new books.

A, ideas B, photos C, information D, stories 5.There are many ____ in that basket.

A, tomatos B, potatoes C, bread D, rice

三、用括号内名词的适当形式填空

1. I have a lot of ________(作业) to do every day. 2. His ______(裤子) are new, but mine are old.

3. It is the best one of the _________ (照片) in my family. 4. Are they building any _______ (图书馆) in the city? 5. Can you cut this big pear into two _______(半)?

6. At the end of _______(八月), you must get ready for the new school year. 7. Trees are planted in most of the mountain ________（village）. 8. I like _______（秋天）. It’s neither hot nor cold. 9. _______(星期二) comes after Monday.

四、补全句子

1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书) 3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.

4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ? 6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师). 7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th .

8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节). 10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now. 11. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门). 12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.

13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new. 14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American. 15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou. 16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken. 17. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8th.

18. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ? 19. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室).

20. ______________________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.

根据中文意思完成句子。

1.李雷病了。咱们去看他吧。Li Lei is ill. _________________________go to see him. 2. 我的自行车坏了，我将坐车上学。___________________ my bike, so I’ll go to school by bus. 3. 对于我们来说，过低碳生活是十分有必要的。

________________________________________________ a low carbon life. 4. 这本书太厚了，他不能按时看完。

This book _______________________________________ . 5. 昨天晚上她一到家，就开始帮助妈妈准备晚饭。

_________________________________________________ yesterday evening. 完形填空

Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life (生活).

1. A. all B. the others C. both D. other 2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese 3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice 4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects 5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased 6. A. for B. of C. to D. from 7. A. in B. with C. at D. of 8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read 9. A. go B. work C. like D. come 10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful

六、阅读理解

The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. As a boy, Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He enjoyed watching nature, and comparing what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things, birds, eggs, stones and leaves.

At sixteen Darwin was sent to Edinburgh University to become a doctor.

But he was interested in the history of nature.

Then he was sent to study in Cambridge University. There he studied until 1831.

Some time later he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a scientist. His teacher advised him to go. So when the Beagle left England in December, 1831, Darwin was on it.

The trip lasted almost five years. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants.

In 1842 Darwin went to live in Kent, and there he continued his studies of change in nature. Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change. By 1859 Darwin had finished his famous book “The Origin of Species”. In 1871 Darwin wrote another important book.

Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882. 1. When was Darwin born?

A. In 1842.

B. In 1871.

C. In 1809.

D. In 1859.

2. What kind of books did Darwin like reading when he was a boy?

A. Science books. B. Chemistry books. A. A tourist.

B. A doctor.

C. History books. D. Medical books.

C. A waiter.

D. A scientist.

3. What did Darwin work as on the ship Beagle?