强调句和各从句的区别

一、定语从句与名词性从句句式结构用法比较

定语从句常易与主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句相混淆。判断的方法是：由关系代词或副词引起的句子直接充当句中某一成分，即为名词性从句；如果这个句子修饰前面的一个名词即先行词或指代整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。

例1. (1) As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

(2) It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

比较：(1)两个句子之间有连接词，而且由逗号分隔。根据前一分句意义“正如大家所知道的(众所周知)”分析，该句应用关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整个句子内容。

(2)两个句子之间有连接词that连接。根据句意分析，that所引起的从句为主语从句，故该句应选用it作形式主语置于句首，引导主语从句。

例2. (1)Shenzhen is no longer what it used to be.

(2) Shenzhen is no longer the place that it used to be.

比较：(1)句中没有充当表语的名词，故应选用代词what(??样子)引起一个表语从句。

(2)句中表语名词the place 被it used to be所修饰，且充当其句中表语。故应选用关系代词that指代先行词the place引起一个定语从句。

例3. (1) Please tell me the reason why he didn't attend the meeting.

(2) Please tell me why he didn't attend the meeting.

比较：(1)句中充当宾语的名词the reason被he didn't attend the meeting所修饰，且充当句中的原因状语。故应选用关系副词why指代先行词the reason连接定语从句。

(2)句中没有充当直接宾语的名词，而是由一个句子充当宾语。根据句意，应选用疑问副词why连接宾语从句。

二、强调句与主语从句的比较

强调句将句子中的it is / was …that同时省去，句子仍然成立；而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it，成立。如：

(1) It is Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。

本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样

成立，因此前面的句子是强调句型。

(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。

本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误，因此，前面句子不是强调句型，而是主语从句。

三、强调句与定语从句的比较

◎强调句中的It没有实际意义，It be与that可同时被省略；而定语从句中的It be与that不可同时省略；

◎强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致；而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定

◎强调句将句子中的that不能省略，也不能将that换成which；而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略，并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。

◎当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时，引导词可用that / which；而作其他成分时，引导词须用when / which。如：

(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is that?问句的回答，that所引导的是定语从句，that可被省略)

It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所买的就是这本书。(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调)

(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句)

It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型)

(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明，是定语从句)

It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)

四、强调句与状语从句的比较

◎状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语；而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。

◎状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉(from www.yygrammar.com)。

◎状语从句的引导词可以是when / where，而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。如：

(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)

It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)

(比较：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的如此有趣的书。定语从句)

(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 当他醒来时，已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)

It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)