Unit1 Festivals around the world语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 掌握本单元重点语法----情态动词，并能熟练应用情态动词相关语法解决相应的语法练习 一、重点语法：情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。本单元学习情态动词的用法。 1. may 与might的用法 情态 动词 用法 表示允许、许可。否定答语一般例句 --- May I watch TV after supper? 要用mustn’t，表示“禁止、阻止”--- Yes， you may. / No， you mustn’t. 之意。 may 与 might 在表示请求、允许时， might比 ---Might I use your telephone? may的语气更委婉一些。在日常口语中，用can征询对方意见更为常见。 --- Yes， please. --- May / Can I go home now? --- Yes， you may / can. 表示可能性的推测，含有“或许”What he said may be true. “大概”“可能”之意，用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。 She may come tomorrow. He might have some fever. 2. can与could的用法 情态 动词 can 与 表示客观的可能性 could 表示请求和允许 用法 表示能力 例句 Some of us can use the computer now， but we couldn’t last year. It will be sunny in the daytime， but it could rain later on this evening. --- Can I go now? --- Yes， you can. 表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更加婉转 Could you wait a few day for the money? Could you please show me the way to the station? 第1页/共9页
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句和惊叹句中） 3. will与would的用法 情态 动词 will 与 用法 用于表示意志或意愿。Will指现在，would指过去 表示请求、建议等，用would比用 will委婉、客气些 Can this news be true? It can’t be the headmaster. He’s gone to Beijing. How can you be so foolish! 例句 I will never do that again. They said that they would help us. Will you please take a message for me? Would you please pass him the book? Fish will die without water. Every evening， she would sit by the window， deep in thought. It would be about ten when he left home. I thought he would have told you about that. would 表示习惯性动作，译为“总是”“惯于”。Will指现在，would指过去 表示预料或猜想 用于否定句中，表示“不肯”“不乐意” 4.shall与should的用法 情态 动词 shall 用法 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见 用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁 No matter what I said， he wouldn’t listen to me. 例句 What shall we do next? Shall I do the washing-up? When shall my brother be able to leave hospital? You shall go with me. ( 命令) You shall have a new dress for your birthday.（允诺） He shall be punished.（威胁） 表示劝告或建议，作“应该”We should be strict with ourselves. You should keep your promise. 表示推测，作“可能”、“该”The roads should be less crowded today. 讲 Why / how + should结构表示说话人对谋事不能理解、感到惊异等意思，译为“竟会” I should have finished reading it by Friday. Why should you be so late today? （你今天怎么来的这么晚？） I don’t know why you should think that I did it. （我真不明白你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。） should 讲 5. must， may (might) 和can表示“推测”的用法
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情态 动词 must 用法 只能用于肯定句，表示可能性很大的一种推测，作“肯定”“一定”讲 例句 (1)--- Look， someone is coming. Who can it be? --- It may be the headmaster. ---It can’t be him. He has gone to Shanghai. may /might 用于肯定句中（可能，或许， --- Then it must be Mr. Zhang. He looks like the 大概）；用于否定句中（可能不）。表示可能性较小的一种推测 headmaster. (2)--- What can they be talking about? ----They may / must be talking about the question raised at the meeting. (3)--- Can they have finished the work? --- Yes， they may / must have finished it. --- No， they can’t have finished the work so soon. --- Then they must have played so much. can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句中 6.should与ought to用法
对比点 表劝告、建议 1．表“应该” should ought to “有责任有必要”做某事 You should listen to the doctor’s You ought to finish your work advice. We should learn from Zhang Hua. before you go home. We ought to help each other. “非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该” If we start to work right now， we ought to finish it before lunch. 1）should还可在虚拟语气中的使用 2) 注意：ought to的疑问式及否定式 2．表“估计” They should get home by now. 注： ---Ought he to go? ---Yes， I think he ought to. ---No， he oughtn’t to. 否定式：oughtn’t to do (不说ought to not do)反疑问句：oughtn’t ______? 7.need与dare用法
对比点 need dare He dare not say so. Dare she go out alone at night? How dare you say I’m unfair? 1.情态v.+动词原 He need not (needn’t) go. 形 1）否定式 ---Need we do it again? ---No， you needn’t do it again. 第3页/共9页
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