Section 15 语法填空
高考英语语法填空有提示词解题技巧
1.括号内提供的是动词
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。
①若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。如:
Actually I believed I would work for a few years,get ________(marry),stay home and raise a family,so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.
这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词,在从句中作并列谓语。 I believed I would work for a few years... I would get ________(marry)... I would stay home... I would raise a family... 答案 married
很清楚,get married在句子中与I would构成“主系表”结构。get married强调一种已婚的状态,相当于be married。如果没有get在前面,只能填入marry作谓语。显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑,才能符合交际的需要。 ②若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词;若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式。确定的方法主要有:
作主语或宾语,通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。如:
...but it is not enough only ________(memorize)rules from a grammar book. 答案 memorizing
分析这个句子的成分可知,应该是memorizing...作真正的主语,前面的it是形式主语。
作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v.-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(done)。如:
________(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 答案 Seen
从句中“is”可判断句中已有谓语了,表明句子不缺谓语,可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式,即非谓语动词形式;此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了:第一,“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”;第二,“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系;第三,动词的过去分词表示被动关系,因此应填“Seen”。
It rained heavily in the south,________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 答案 causing
从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了,说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语,“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,即“大雨导致洪涝”;现在分词表示主动关系,因此应填“causing”,作结果状语。 2.括号内提供的是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是考查形容词,即要变成形容词形式。如:
________(actual)I believed I would work for a few years,get married,stay home and raise a family,so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much. 答案 More actually
该空需要填入副词actually在句子中作状语。有的考生填入more actually,虽然词性是对的,但是这里没有上下文比较的关系,逻辑语义不同,考生不能将语言的语法规则和语用功能有效地结合。
再如:“Thirty-five cents,” she said ________(rude).
答案 rudely 此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词,要用来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。
但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如:
At last,her courage and ________(wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.
答案 wisdom 括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom。
另外,通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级。如:
One of the ________(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher...
因为这里是one of the+名词复数的形式,表示??其中之一,因此范围是三者或三者以上,因此形容词需要用最高级的形式worst。 3.括号内提供的是名词
①括号内提供的如果是名词,尤其是单数名词,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。
②相反,如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后,则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记,要考虑名词是否变复数,是否用所有格形式等。如:
One of my father’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it!” 答案 sayings
这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。考查考生是否知道“one of+名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 本句中as引导时间状语从句,表达的功能是“时空”概念。该从句没有直接放在主句之后,而是进行了插入,放在了主句的主语之后,进行强调。完整的主句是:One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”.从该句的主系表结构中可以看出,one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。 say要做两次转换:首先要转换成为名词;再将名词转为相应的复数形式。say的名词是saying,其复数形式是sayings。考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确,同时还要保持单词的正确。所以正确答案是sayings。
③当括号内提供的是名词时,还可能考查形容词。如:
There,my voice sounds really ________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it. 答案 wonderful 括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds的表语,所以要使用形容词形式。
有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如:
A certain man planted a rose and watered it ________(faith)and before it blossomed,he examined it.
答案 faithfully 括号内提供的是名词,但此空在句中作状语,修饰动词watered,所以要变成副词。注意:先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。
A
(2016·全国Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest buildings, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top__1__(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I__2__(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 00-acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be__3__(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back__4__my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,__5__I was the first Western TV reporter__6__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.My
ambassadorial
duties
will
include__7__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by__8__(it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few__9__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,__10__other is with mum—she never suspects.
B
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