2018届二轮复习定语从句在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练
1.定语从句的4 大注意点 (1)what不能引导定语从句
[典例1] (2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit __67___ is driving your family crazy.
分析：定语从句的先行词为前面的a habit，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。注意：此处不能用what。
[典例2] (2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.
分析：dishes后为定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，此处引导词在从句中作cooked的宾语。故what→that/which或去掉what。
(2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句
[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __47__ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
分析：分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，故填who。注意：此处不能填that。
[典例2] (2017·淮南市模拟)For another, the number of bikes and cars can be limited, that can decrease the traffic flow.
分析：分析句子结构可知，“that can decrease the traffic flow”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的整个句子，故that→which。
(3)定语从句中先行词表示地点、时间或原因时，引导词不一定
是where, when或why
[典例1] (2017·兰州一中模拟)He came from a family ___43__ had been rich for at least one hundred years.
分析：定语从句的先行词为表示地点的family，但定语从句缺少主语，故填that/which。注意：此处不能用where。
[典例2] (2017·六盘山高级中学模拟)They have set up a useful nature park in Sichuan, where is called “Pandas’ Home”．
分析：定语从句的先行词为表示地点的nature park，但非限制性定语从句缺少主语，故where→which。注意：此处不能用where。
(4)逗号后面的引导词不一定用which
[典例1] (2017·绵阳市模拟)The history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, __62__ named it Londinium. 分析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Romans指人，故填who。此处不能用which。
[典例2] (2017·日照市校际联合检测)I ended up working at McDonalds, which I met some customers who didn’t like Indians and treated me badly.
分析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为McDonalds，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故which→where。
2.定语从句的3 步解题法
对定语从句的解答，只要掌握三个步骤，问题即可迎刃而解，我们可以称之为“三步曲”。
[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, __65__ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
分析：第一步：找出句中的先行词，并将其还原代入从句中，使从句成为一个完整的句子“in the mid-1980s I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.”；
第二步：确定被代入部分在从句中充当的成分。in the mid-1980s在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词；
第三步：先行词in the mid-1980s指时间，故填when。 [典例2] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __64__ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
分析：第一步：找出句中的先行词，并将其还原代入从句中，使从句成为一个完整的句子“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.”；
第二步：确定被代入部分在从句中充当的成分。“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River”在从句中作主语，应用关系代词；
第三步：先行词“the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River”指物，故填that/which。
[题组练通] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·成都市模拟)Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue, which calls for great concern. 2．(2017·哈三中模拟)This could be Mary Moe’s motto — the expression that/which best represents her spirit. 3．(2017·九江一中模拟)Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants where you can eat many different kinds of food. 4．(2017·福州八中质检)We first attended the opening parade, for which our class had made a lot of preparations. 5．(2017·豫南九校模拟)No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, who helped me out simply by listening and hugging.
6．(2017·唐山市模拟)Then he was sent to his current home, where there were many other giant pandas. 7．(2017·衡水中学模拟)It makes no difference from ordinary events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. 8．As is known to all, “Yesterday is history.Tomorrow is mystery.But today is a gift.”
9．(2017·遵义市模拟)There is a lady at my school whose job is to prevent students from leaving the campus without permission.
10．(2017·安徽省示范高中联考)Though you learn a lot of English grammar, you are afraid to speak English, especially with foreigners, with whom you have to work. Ⅱ.单句改错
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