A: recycle（使再循环, 反复应用）on a large scale（比例,数值范围）, B: stop the increase in human population.
C: practice water and energy conservation（守恒）. D: all of the above. 正确答案是D
4. Which of the following is NOT a feature（特征，起重要作用）of the scientific method? A: hypothesis（假设）
B: conjecture（推测,猜想） C: controls
D: data collection 正确答案是B
5. The study of plant function is called A: taxonomy.（分类学） B: physiology.（生理学） C: anatomy.（解剖学） D: morphology.（形态学） 正确答案是D
6. Dendrochronology（树木年代学）, or the study of tree rings, is an example of which branch of botany?
A: taxonomy.（分类学） B: physiology.（生理学） C: anatomy.（解剖学） D: ecology 正确答案是C
7. Which botanist is credited（信用）with naming and classifying（分类）plants? A: von Helmont B: Carson C: Malpighi D: Linnaeus 正确答案是D
8. What is the name of the book credited with increasing public awareness（知道）of the field of ecology?
A: Silent Spring
B: Species Plantarum C: Origin of Species 正确答案是A
9. Gregor Mendel is considered the founder of A: plant geography. B: plant genetics. C: cytology.
D: plant systematics 正确答案是B
10. Cell biology is also referred to as A: genetic engineering.
B: pteridology.（羊齿植物学） C: cytology（细胞学）
D: systematics （=taxonomy分类学） 正确答案是C
11. Plants will play an important role in space exploration because of their ability to A: generate（产生）oxygen B: produce drugs.
C: generate carbon dioxide（.二氧化物） D: produce fiber. 正确答案是A
12. The study of botany has its origins（起源, 由来）in which time period? A: Bronze（青铜）Age
B: Victorian Period（维多利亚女王时代） C: Stone Age（石器时代） D: Industrial Revolution 正确答案是C
Introduction Cell Structure Part B
1. In contrast（对比, 对照）to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells: A: lack a nuclear envelope.（膜） B: lack genetic material
C: have mitochondria（线粒体） D: have chloroplasts
E: have complex chromosomes（染色体） 正确答案是A
2. When plants moved from the sea to the land, the most critical（危急的）environmental factor became: A: water.
B: carbon dioxide C: minerals D: oxygen. E: light
正确答案是A
3. The two major components（组成成分）of the vascular system are the: A: epidermis and cork B: xylem and phloem.
C: apical meristems and lateral meristems D: cuticle（表皮）and stomata. E: embryo（胚芽）and seed 正确答案是B
4. Primary growth refers to growth:
A: originating（起源, 发生）from apical meristems B: originating from the vascular cambium C: originating from the cork cambium
D: that is of primary importance to the plant
E: that results in the thickening of stems and roots 正确答案是A
5. Plant ______ is the study of the form of plants. A: physiology
B: taxonomy（分类学）
C: systematics（=taxonomy分类学） D: morphology（形态学） E: anatomy（解剖学） 正确答案是D
6. If each gamete（接合体, 配偶子）of a plant has 12 chromosomes, what is the haploid（单倍体,单一的）chromosome number of that plant? A: 3 B: 4 C: 6 D: 12 E: 24
正确答案是D
7. ______ are plastids（质体）that lack chlorophyll but contain carotenoid（类胡罗卜素）pigments.
A: Etioplasts [白色(质)体]
B: Chromoplasts（色素母细胞, 成色素细胞） C: Leucoplasts（白色体） D: Amyloplasts [造粉(质)体] E: Chloroplasts 正确答案是B
8. Most likely, mitochondria（线粒体）and chloroplasts evolved[由…发展(进化)]from: A: portions of the endoplasmic reticulum. （内质网） B: pieces of nuclei
C: fragments（碎片）of the plasma（血浆） membrane. D: oil bodies E: bacteria 正确答案是E
9. The ______ is the liquid material contained within the tonoplast.（液泡膜） A: matrix（基质） B: stroma（基质） C: cell sap（细胞液）
D: nucleoplasm （核原形质, 核浆） E: cytosol（细胞溶质,胞液） 正确答案是C
10. A principal（主要的）function of the Golgi bodies is the:
A: synthesis（合成） and secretion of cell wall polysaccharides（多醣,聚糖,多聚糖）other than cellulose（纤维素）
B: formation（形成）of ATP by oxidation（氧化）of organic（有机的）fuels （能源物质） C: conversion（转化）of radiant energy （光能）to chemical energy.
D: storage of lipids（脂质）as oil bodies
E: storage of water, ions（离子）, and secondary metabolites（代谢物） 正确答案是A
11. In the cell wall, ______ molecules（分子）are united to form microfibrils （微纤维） A: xylan（木聚糖） B: pectin（胶质）
C: xyloglucan （glucan葡聚糖） D: cellulose
E: glycoprotein（糖蛋白类, 醣蛋白） 正确答案是D
12. Which of the following statements about the secondary wall is false? A: It usually is deposited（存放, 堆积）after the cell has stopped growing.
B: Glycoproteins（糖蛋白类, 醣蛋白） and enzymes（酶）are usually abundant constituents.（要素）
C: The protoplast（原生质体）may die after the secondary wall is laid down. D: It frequently has three distinct（清楚的）layers E: Pectins（胶质） are usually lacking. 正确答案是B
Plant Cells and Tissues Part A 1. Apical meristems consist of: A: initials（最初的）only B: primary meristems only.
C: immediate derivatives（派生物）only D: initials and primary meristems
E: initials and their immediate derivatives 正确答案是E
2. What three overlapping（重叠, 搭接） processes are involved（有关的）in development? A: cell division, cell enlargement, and cell differentiation
B: mitosis（有丝分裂）, meiosis（.减数分裂） and fertilization（授精） C: mitosis, meiosis, and differentiation
D: growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation
E: primary growth, secondary growth, and morphogenesis（形态发生, 形态形成） 正确答案是D
3. The tissue that makes up the pith（木髓）and cortex（皮层）is: A: collenchyma B: xylem
C: parenchyma D: phloem
E: sclerenchyma. 正确答案是C
4. ______ is a type of ground tissue composed of cells having thick, often lignified secondary cell walls.
A: Collenchyma B: Xylem
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