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英语四级语法
第七堂 名词性从句
学会区分名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句，熟悉名词性从句的各种引导词。 中文译成英文
1. (很多人没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.(09.06) 2. It was very dark, but Mary seemed to (本能地知道该走哪条路).（08.12）
3. Your resume should attract a wouldbe boss’s attention by demonstrating (为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选).（08.12）
4. In my sixties, one change I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了).（07.12）
5. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)，not how much they can earn.（07.12）
6. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).(06.12) 7. Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).（06.12） Key 1. What many people didn’t realize 2. know which way to take by instinct
3. why you are the best candidate for a certain position 4. I get tired more easily than before
5. is measured by how much money they can borrow 6. nothing is more attractive to me than reading 7. might feel lonely when they are away from home
所谓名词性从句，就是把这个句子当作名词使用，并在句子中充当一定的句子成分。名词性从句一般可在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。于是我们就有了常说的四种名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句一律都用陈述语气。 名词性从句总结表 说明 成分 从句 主语从句 主语 引导词 连词 that, whether, if(不能放句首) that, whether, because, as, as if, as though that, whether, if 关系代词 关系副词 when, whenever,where, wherever,how, however, why when, where, how, why等 when, whenever, where, wherever,how, however, why 表语从句 宾语从句 表语 宾语 同位语从句 同位语 that, whether what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, whosever, which, whichever
主语从句
一、由连词that, whether, if引导的主语从句
连词that, whether, if在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不充当成分，不能省略。
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引导词及例示thatThat the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年学院将会招收更多的新生，这是一个事实。［本句也可用形式主语it表达，即It is true that the college will take in more new students.］
whetherWhether he’ll come (or not) hasn’t been decided.他是否会来还没有决定。［本句也可用形式主语it表达，即 It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll come or not.］ ifIt is doubtful if the work can be completed on time.这项工作能否按时完成还值得怀疑呢。典型难句 However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
【分析】 复合句。这个句子看起来较复杂，其实还是whether引导的主语从句，这里是两个并列主语从句，由并列连词or连接，谓语动词是is。
【译文】 不过，这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成的，还是来自于3,500万年以前他们共同的祖先，依然是个未解之谜。
典型难句 That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of freemarket economic theories.
【分析】 第一眼就看到这里的that，再往后看就知道这个that不是代词，而是连词，引导一个主语从句，于是此时就可以在心里告诉自己，一定要找到两套谓语。这里的从句谓语是will act…and thus avoid…，而主句谓语是is commonly recognized。所以，关注名词从句的连词非常有助于理清句子逻辑结构，从而快速理解句子意思。
【译文】 每一个大公司的行为都会考虑到自身的需求，这样就不会使其商品售价高于其竞争对手。自由市场经济理论的倡导者普遍认识到了这一点。 1. 当whether引导主语从句有 or not跟随时，不能用 if替换 It hasn’t been decided whether he’ll buy it or not.(√) It hasn’t been decided if he’ll buy it .( ) 2. if不能引导位于句首的主语从句
It remains to be seen if we are wrong in the matter. (√) If we are wrong in the matter remains to be seen. ()
二、由关系代词who, which或关系副词引导的主语从句
关系代词who，which和关系副词when，where，how，why都可引导主语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语和状语，不能省略。由它们引导的主语从句，也可用it作形式主语。 Who let out the news remained unknown.= It remained unknown who let out the news.
谁走漏了消息仍然不得而知。(who为关系代词，在主语从句中作主语，不可以省略。) Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone.= It is not clear to anyone why he didnt come here.他为什么没来我们大家都不知道。(why为关系副词，在主语从句中作状语，不可以省略。)
三、由关系代词what，whatever，whoever等引导的主语从句 what以及wh + ever等关系代词都可引导主语从句，它们在主语从句中担当成分，不能省略。此类主语从句不能用it作形式主语。 What he said at the meeting is important.他在会上所说的(事情)是重要的。(what在该主语从句中作宾语，不能省略。)
Whenever the school sports will be held is not known yet.校运动会什么时候举办还不知道。(whenever在主语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。) 四、it作形式主语
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