根据后一句While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved.可知，尽管这个观点仍然存在，但是很久之前就被证明是错误的，F选项，这个观点似乎和旧的观念相融合，这一观念认为感受到冷和湿润很可能会感冒，承接下文，切题，故选F。 【68题详解】
根据后一句Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don’t appear naturally, and so you’re not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says.可知，致病病菌不会自然出现，因此，不用因为打湿了一点枕头就觉得会感冒，E选项，关于湿头发的谣言就是细菌会占满你的枕头，后文对这个观点进行了反驳，切题，故选E。 【69题详解】
根据前一句Gupta says there’s no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms可知，没有证据表明因为湿头发睡觉更有可能过敏或者风湿症状，A选项,因此，任何关于湿头发的担忧都是理论上的，没有实际意义，开启下文，切题，故选A。 【70题详解】
根据前一句Generally, it’s thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet可知，一般说来，湿头发睡觉对头发不好，C选项，长时间这样的话，头发容易断，无光泽，承接上文，切题，故选C。
IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What comes first: the optimism or the good health?
Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.
A recent study suggests that most people can’t help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O’Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.
Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall.
The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.
O’Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. “We’re not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong.” O’Brien’s study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? “If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people’s optimism,” Boehm explained. However, it’s difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Despite the claim that optimism benefits fitness, scientists are uncertain. O’Brien’s study indicates it’s human nature to expect a promising future. For instance, those with positive future plans were more likely to achieve happiness, yet those having/with negative ones didn’t expect unhappiness. Above all, optimism may not necessarily precede good health. 【解析】 【分析】
本文属于说明文，科学家想知道是乐观在先还是健康在先，但是研究发现，期待一个好的未来是人的本能，比如，有着积极的未来计划的人更可能获得幸福感，而持有悲观计划的人不一定不开心，总之，乐观主义不一定意味着健康。
【详解】分析文章可知，本文结构为总分结构，首先第一个要点，乐观主义对健康有好处，但是科学家不确定；第二个要点，期望有个好的未来是人的天性；第三个要点，有着积极的未来计划的人更可能获得幸福感，而持悲观计划的人不一定就不开心；第四个要点，得出结论，乐观主义不一定
先于健康。把这四个要点联系起来，注意前后文的过渡与衔接，同时注意字数。
【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。分析文章可知，本文结构为总分结构，首先第一个要点，乐观主义对健康有好处，但是科学家不确定；第二个要点，期望有好的未来是人的天性；第三个要点，有着积极的未来计划的人更可能获得幸福感，而持悲观计划的人不一定就不开心；第四个要点，得出结论，乐观主义不一定先于健康。把这四个要点联系起来，注意前后文的过渡与衔接，同时注意字数。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 看来小王并不满足于已取得的进步。(It) ___________________________
73. 除非你注意言行，不然你会发现很难和新同事和睦相处。(get along) ___________________________
74. 无论什么情况都决不能饶恕那些企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的人，毕竟学习无捷径。(Never) ___________________________
75. 让教练倍感欣慰的是，队员们并没有因为球迷的吹毛求疵而垂头丧气，而是取长补短，更加努力地训练。(make up for) ___________________________
【答案】72. It looks as if / seems / appears that Xiao Wang is not content(ed) / satisfied / happy / pleased with the progress (that / which) he has made.
73. You will find it (is) hard to get along (well) with new colleagues unless you pay attention to / attend to / see to / watch your words and behaviors / what you say and (what you) do.
74. Never can those who attempt / intend to cheat in academic research(es) be spared / excused / forgiven / pardoned in any case / in all cases / whatever happens / no matter what happens and, after all, there are no shortcuts to study / learning.
75. To the coach’s / trainer’s great relief, the team members / players did not lose heart / were not discouraged / frustrated because the fans were critical of / were
,
particular about / found fault with them, but learned from others’ strengths to make up for their own weaknesses and trained harder. (用instead of结构亦可) 【解析】 【72题详解】
看起来It looks as if / seems / appears that，不满足is not content(ed) / satisfied / happy / pleased with，已取得的进步the progress (that / which) he has made，故翻译为It looks as if / seems / appears that Xiao Wang is not content(ed) / satisfied / happy / pleased with the progress (that / which) he has made. 【73题详解】
注意言行pay attention to / attend to / see to / watch your words and behaviors，和睦相处get along (well) with，很难做某事find it (is) hard to do sth，故翻译为You will find it (is) hard to get along (well) with new colleagues unless you pay attention to / attend to / see to / watch your words and behaviors / what you say and (what you) do. 【74题详解】
学术造假cheat in academic research，企图做某事attempt / intend to do sth，被饶恕be spared / excused / forgiven / pardoned，任何情况下in any case / in all cases / whatever happens / no matter what happens，捷径shortcuts。 【75题详解】
让教练倍感欣慰的是To the coach’s / trainer’s great relief，垂头丧气lose heart / were discouraged / frustrated，吹毛求疵were critical of / were particular about / found fault with，取长补短 learned from others’ strengths to make up for their own weaknesses。
VI. Guided Writing
76.
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions
相关推荐：
loading