A部分复习提纲
Column B Column A
_____ 1. encourage good teamwork a. extremely tired
b. a person who studies and skilled in economics _____ 2. daily routine
c. the feeling of pleasure one gets from having or doing sth _____ 3. look exhausted
_____ 4. great enjoyment from the game d. (a) regular and habitual way of working or doing things
e. unwillingly _____ 5. great economist
_____ 6. the royal palace f. give, esp. as the result of an official decision
g. for ,belonging to, connected with a king or queen _____ 7. award him first prize
h. sth. that is desired strongly _____ 8. innocent of any crime
_____ 9. accept it reluctantly i. (work done through) combined effort
j. not guilty of a crime or sin; blameless _____10.achieve one’s ambition
II、Working with words
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
a. adopt b. positive c. characterized d. neglect e. rewarded
f. rob g. conversely h. conquer i. fascinating j. convince
_____ 11.The camel is _________ by an ability to go without water for days.
_____ 12. The couple are unable to have children of their own, but hope to ______ a little girl. _____ 13. Susan started singing to her baby and was _______ with a smile.
_____ 14. Don’t just make a negative complaint about our service; give us some ______ advice. _____ 15. The garden has fallen into a state of ______ since its owner died two years ago. _____ 16. They threatened to shoot him and ______ him of all his possessions. _____ 17. As the saying goes, _______ the desires, or they will conquer you.
_____ 18. Your trip to Alaska sounds absolutely _______ . How I wish I could go there one day! _____ 19. The officials were eager to ________ us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. _____ 20. You can add the liquid to the powder, or _________, the powder to the liquid.
Section A
Directions: Read the passage carefully and select one word for each blank from a list of given in a word bank following the passage. Write down the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Optimism and pessimism are powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want, so as to shape our outlook and our expectations. From which ____ (21) do we want to view life? Will we look up in hope or down in ____(22)? An optimistic attitude is not a luxury; it’s a ____(23). The way you look at life will determine how you feel, ____(24), and how well you will get along with others. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling ____(25). Pessimism creates a sad and hopeless place___(26) no one wants to live. When the world is seen as a hope-ful, positive place, people are more likely to achieve. Optimism doesn’t need to naive.You can be an optimist and still ____(27) that problem exists and that some of them are not dealt with easily. Yet optimism makes a difference in the_____(28) of the problem solver! Optimism draws our attention away from
negativism and _____(29) it into positive, constructive thinking. When you’re an
optimist,
you’re more _____(30) with problem-solving than with useless fault-finding. To tackle a big problem, one needs both optimism and persistence.
A. despair B. perform C. highlight D. channels E. attitude F. shape G. concerned H. thankful I. where J. necessity K. perspective L. prophecy M. aware N. affair O. recognize
Section B
Directions: Choose the best answer to each question according to the information you get from the following 2 passages. Passage One
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and environment, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.
“If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
31.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____.
A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards B. the appropriate amount of external rewards
C. the study of relationship between actions and environment D. the effects of external rewards on students' performance
32.What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students? A. They approve of external rewards. B. They don't think external rewards.
C. They have doubts about external rewards.
D. They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students.
33.According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?
A. Give rewards for performances which deserve them. B. Always promise rewards.
C. Assign tasks which are not very challenging. D. Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made.
34.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____.
A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’ B. punishment is more effective than rewarding
C. failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards D. discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency 35.Which of the following facts about “token economics” is not correct? A. Students are assigned challenging tasks. B. Rewards are given for good performances.
C. Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the task. D. With token economics, students’ creativity can be enhanced.
Passage Two
On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Carke, dressed for going out, took her handbag with her money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone.
At six o'clock she cane home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke in her house? How? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry.
Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-\key\movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time,dressed as usual, but she didn't go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.
It was just after four o'clock when the front door bell rang.Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand was pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet.
36. Mrs. Clarke looked forward to Thursday because_______.
A.she worked at a club on the day B.she said visitors on Thursdays
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