门式起重机变幅机构电气控制设计毕业论文

门式起重机变幅机构电气控制设计毕业论文

目录

摘要 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 第1章 绪论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1．起重机概述 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1起重机介绍 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2起重机分类 ......................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.1桥架型起重机 .......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2臂架型起重机 .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3起重机的发展 ..................................................................................................................... 5 第二章 起重机的主要结构和性能参数 ......................................................................................... 8

2.1起升机构 ............................................................................................................................. 8

2.1.1 卷绕系统 ............................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2吊载装置 ................................................................................................................ 11 2.2旋转机构 ........................................................................................................................... 13

2.2.1 旋转支撑装置 ....................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2旋转驱动装置 ........................................................................................................ 14 2.3运行机构 ........................................................................................................................... 17 2.4变幅机构 ........................................................................................................................... 18 2.5起重机主要性能参数 ....................................................................................................... 19 第三章 变幅机构的选型 ............................................................................................................... 22

3.1变幅机构的类型及特点： ............................................................................................... 22 3.2非工作性变幅机构和工作性变幅机构 ........................................................................... 22

3.2.1非工作性变幅机构 ................................................................................................ 22 3.2.2工作性变幅机构 .................................................................................................... 22 3.3运行小车式变幅机构和臂架式变幅机构 ....................................................................... 23

3.3.1运行小车式变幅机构 ............................................................................................ 23

第四章 机电传动方案的分析与拟定 ........................................................................................... 27

4.1变幅机构特性分析 ........................................................................................................... 27 4.2三相异步电动机起动特性分析 ....................................................................................... 27

4.2.1逐级切除启动电阻法 ............................................................................................ 27 4.2.2 频敏变阻器启动法 ............................................................................................... 28 4.3变幅机构调速特性分析 ................................................................................................... 29

4.3.1 变频调速 ............................................................................................................... 29 4.3.2转子电路串电阻调速 ............................................................................................ 29 4．4保护环节的设计 ............................................................................................................ 29

1

4.4.1 超负荷限制器幅度保护 ....................................................................................... 29 4.4.2 过电流保护 ........................................................................................................... 29 4.4.3 零位连锁保护 ....................................................................................................... 30 4.4.4 左右旋转形成限位保护 ....................................................................................... 30 4.5主令控制器设计 ............................................................................................................... 30 第五章 变幅机构PLC控制线路设计 ......................................................................................... 31

5.1 PLC工作原理及特点 ................................................................................................... 31 5.2 PLC输入/输出地址表 ..................................................................................................... 31 3.3 PLC外部接线图 ........................................................................................................... 32 3.4 PLC梯形图程序 ........................................................................................................... 32 3.5 PLC指令语句表程序 ................................................................................................... 32 第六章 变幅机构电路工作原理 ................................................................................................... 38

6.1工作原理: ......................................................................................................................... 38 6.2 变幅机构的启动调速过程： .......................................................................................... 38 6.3 电动机3M的制动过程： .............................................................................................. 39 6.4 变幅机构的保护措施 ...................................................................................................... 39 设计小结......................................................................................................................................... 40 致谢 ................................................................................................................................................ 41 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 43

2

摘要

在门座式起重机的设计过程中，首先综合介绍了门座式起重机的特点、分类、结构以及其现况及发展前景。接下来确定总体方案，画出门座式起动机的机构简图，并对各个执行机构的主要参数进行计算。在起重机的重要部分起升机构的设计中，重点是确定相应吨位的吊钩、钢丝绳，卷筒的尺寸计算及电动机、减速器、制动器等的选择。最后的门座式起重机的变幅机构设计分为臂架设计和驱动机构设计，臂架是采用优化设计的方法来做的，通过 Matlab 软件得出结果。

关键词： 门座式起重机，起升机构，变幅机构，优化设计

3

Abstract

In the design process portal crane you are first comprehensive describes thecharacteristics of the hoist classification structure and its current status and prospects，Next determine the overall scheme draw a diagram of the Portal Starter of institutions andon individual executive body of the main arguments are evaluated. An important part of thecrane lifting mechanism design it was important to determine the appropriate tonnage ofhook wire rope reel size calculation and motor speed reducers brakes etc. The last of thehoist mechanism design into arm and drive mechanism design the boom is the optimizationof methods to do the findings through Matlab software.

Key Words：Portal crane hoist mechanism mechanism optimal design

4