40. A. uploaded 41. A. promote
B. lost
C. sold C. study C. naturally C. reward C. hit
D. abandoned D. exploit D. unexpectedly D. license D. took over D. perform D. lost
D. glance down at D. advantage D. complaining D. claimed D. beating D. surprise D. admiration D. controversial
B. notice
42. A. unconsciously 43. A. discount 44. A. signed up 45. A. mess
46. A. guide 47. A. trapped
B. immediately B. application B. gave in B. trial B. compete
C. dropped out C. comment C. rooted
C. hold on to C. possibility C. rejecting C. agreed C. drown
D. trick
B. interested B. look back at B. challenge B. battling B. queued B. ignoring B. inspire
48. A. think back to 49. A. opportunity 50. A. hesitating 51. A. rang
52. A. moving 53. A. upset 54. A. curiosity
55. A. fruitless
C. disturbing C. passion C. demanding
B. anxiety B. worthwhile
第三部分 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Don’t just visit, walk in WONDER Exploring the Sorrento Peninsula From $865 per person (pp) 7 or 14 nights Walking from Puerto de Soller From $1,135 pp 7 nights Tavira Pearl of the Algarve From $965 pp 7 or 10 nights Savage River Lodge From $1,155 pp 7 nights The heady aroma of pine trees and orange groves fill your senses as you walk along ancient paths to one of the world’s most glorious beaches. Take it all in, by foot. Explore the charming cobbled streets and shady plazas of Tavira in the Algarve, or wander through the picturesque coastal port of Mallorca’s Puerto de Soller, where mountain meets sea. While in Sorrento, discover ancient Roman sites that match the magnificence of the Amalfi Coast. Surrounded by 700 acres of State Forest lands, Savage River Lodge features 18 private cabins, providing the ultimate camping experience for families to reconnect with nature. Our expertly-led, small group walking holidays take you further into the potted history, rich culture and raw natural beauty of our destinations. So, call us today to book your next holiday—mile after mile of walking in wonder awaits. Call us today to book your holiday 01707 386803 All holidays include: flights, accommodation and meals. browse ramblersholidays.co.uk or join us on 56. Which of the following is suitable for family camping?
A. The Sorrento Peninsula. B. Puerto de Soller.
C. Tavira. D. Savage River Lodge. 57. How does the leaflet recommend the tourist destinations? A. By comparing different prices. B. By introducing their features. C. By telling their historical stories. D. By listing thoughtful services.
B
Symbolic communication in the form of language underlies our unique ability to reason — or the conventional wisdom holds so. A new study published in Science, though, suggests our capacity to reason logically may not actually depend on language, at least not fully. The findings show babies still too young to speak can reason and make reasonable deductions.
The authors—a team from several European institutions—studied infants (婴儿) aged 12 and 19 months, when language learning and speech production has just begun but before complex mastery has been achieved. The children had to inspect distinct objects repeatedly—such as a dinosaur and a flower. The items were initially hidden behind a black wall. In one set of experiments the animation (动漫) would show a cup scooping (舀出) up the dinosaur. Half of the time, the barrier would then be removed to reveal, as expected, the remaining flower. In the rest of the instances, though, the wall would disappear and a second dinosaur would be there.
The children deduced in these latter occurrences that something was not quite right, even though they were unable to express in words what was wrong. Eye-tracking—a commonly used technique to judge mental abilities in preverbal (语前的) children and apes—showed infants stared significantly longer at scenes where the unexpected object appeared behind the barrier, suggesting they were confused by the reveal. “Our results indicate that the acquisition of logical vocabulary might not be the source of the most fundamental logical building blocks in the mind,” says lead study author Nicoló Cesana-Arlotti. A major component of human logic, he notes, relates to thinking about alternative possibilities and eliminating inconsistent ones: Does the dinosaur sit behind the barrier or does the flower? In a formal logic this is called a disjunctive syllogism (析取三段论): A or B; not if A, therefore B.
Cesana-Arlotti acknowledges his findings do not deny the importance of language and symbolic communication to human brain development, and to our evolutionary backstory. Yet the new research suggests that perhaps it is not entirely necessary to shape the brain’s logical reasoning capacities. He plans further work studying how logic before the development of language might still differ from reasoning abilities that appear once language comes along, as language may open additional reasoning abilities unavailable to the speechless brain.
“To our knowledge, nobody has ever directly documented logical reasoning in 12-month-old infants before,” he adds.
58.We can learn from the new study published in Science that ______. A. the ability to reason logically is unique to humans B. babies are too young to make reasonable deductions C. language is not a requirement for some basic reasoning D. the new findings correspond with the conventional ideas 59. The researchers draw the conclusion from the fact that ______. A. the infants were aware of illogical outcomes
B. the infants inspected distinct objects over and again
C. the infants were very sensitive to the removal of the barrier
D. the infants showed interest in the appearance of the dinosaur
60. The underlined word “eliminating” in Paragraph 3 probably means “______”. A. resisting B. removing C. expanding D. exploring 61. According to the text, what will Cesana-Arlotti study further? A. The mental development of babies. B. The initial state of logic in the mind.
C. Distinctions between verbal and preverbal logic.
D. Additional reasoning abilities of the speechless brain.
C
People love spreading information and sharing opinions. You can see this online: every day, 4 million new blogs are written, 80 million new photos are uploaded and 616 million new tweets are released into cyberspace. We experience a burst of pleasure when we share our thoughts, and this drives us to communicate. It is a useful feature of our brain, because it ensures that knowledge, experience and ideas do not get buried with the person who first had them, and that as a society we benefit from the products of many minds.
Of course, in order for that to happen, merely sharing is not enough. We need to cause a reaction. Each time we share our opinions and knowledge, it is with the intention of having an impact on others. Here’s the problem, though: we approach this task from inside our own heads. But if we want to have an impact on others, we need to understand what goes on inside their head.
What determines whether you affect the way others think and behave or are ignored? You may assume that numbers and statistics are what you need to change their point of view. Well, experiments have pointed to the reality that people are not driven by facts. They are not enough to alter beliefs, and they are practically useless for motivating action. Consider climate change: there are mountains of data indicating that humans play a role in warming the globe, yet approximately 50% of the world’s population doesn’t believe it. What about health? Hundreds of studies show that exercise is good for you and people believe this to be so, yet this knowledge fails miserably at getting many to step on a treadmill (跑步机).
The problem with an approach that prioritizes information is that it ignores the core of what makes us human: our motives, our fears, our hopes, our desires, our prior beliefs. In fact, the tsunami of information we are receiving today can make us even less sensitive to data because we’ve become accustomed to finding support for absolutely anything we want to believe with a simple click of the mouse. Instead, our need for agency, our craving to be right, and a longing to feel part of a group really count. It is those motivations we need to tap into to make a change, whether within ourselves or in others.
62. People love spreading information and sharing opinions because ______. A. they often think their thoughts are superior to others’ B. they can provide a lasting pleasure of communication C. they want to affect the behaviours and beliefs of others D. they are able to understand others’ inner world better
63. The examples of climate change and health indicate that ______. A. data and logical thinking aren’t bound to change minds B. numbers and statistics are persuasive enough to others C. people’s deeds and minds don’t agree with each other D. people are fed up with huge amounts of data and studies
64. What does the writer stress in the passage? A. Behaviors determine our beliefs. B. Our desires shape what we believe. C. We shouldn’t force our ideas on others. D. Too much information serves no purpose.
D
April 2018, Manchester My dearest daughter,
As I looked across at you sitting on the sofa watching The X Factor, I noticed that you are no longer a child, and that having just celebrated your 14th birthday, you are now a young woman starting a journey into becoming an adult woman. As I looked at you, I remembered myself at 14, and the vastly different places we are beginning this journey from.
Your identity as a mixed-race young woman, with an English father and a Pakistani mother, has already influenced how you place yourself in this world. As yet, you are unaware of the personal struggles that I took at the age of 25 to marry. How it felt when my mother refused to come to my wedding. The sharp criticisms of the Asian community that such marriages do not work out and always end in divorce. The confidence I had to grow, as we chose to live in a multicultural community, as I refused to be shamed into living in the leafier white suburbs.
Then, at the age of 30, I became your mum with all the joys and struggles this brought, as I refused the Asian traditions for a new baby’s arrival. From your birth, your life could not have been more different from mine. I was brought up on a council estate, within a tight-knit extended Muslim family, through which poverty, racism and neglect were woven. I was never given the freedoms or the opportunity to experience new things. Now, as I hear you play your piano, I am grateful that you have these opportunities.
So many doors were closed to me as a young person, and as I fought for small steps of freedom, I soon learned that it was better to do what I wanted without the knowledge of my parents, and so deceit and deception (欺骗) became woven into my life too. The pressures to obey, to be a “good Muslim” girl and keep the family honour, were choking. Behind closed doors at home, the neglect and abuse took place. It was hidden, I felt the shame, lived with the fear and suffered alongside my sister and two younger brothers. Oh, the power we thought our parents had over us! I was convinced that one day my father would indeed beat us so hard that leaving us for dead, he would, as his threats said he would, bury us in the large back garden, and tell the school he had taken us back to Pakistan for good. My sister and I longed for a different blue sky to live under.
As a daughter of immigrant parents, I carried their hopes of a better education for their children – my own veins (血管) pulsing with the hard-work ethic (道德) and need to be grateful for the opportunity of a free education. And it was education that provided me with the strength to find my own blue sky. I fought to leave home to go to university at the age of 18, and never returned to live with my parents again.
Now as you explore your mixed-race heritage, which I hope we have supported you to do with visits to Pakistan and ensuring you go to multi-cultural schools, I want you to take the very best of all that is Asian with you as you become a woman.
The struggles of identity and belonging will come but I hope that we have given you a strong
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