高考题型重组练(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2019·济南高三模拟]The United States Congress is responsible for making and approving federal laws — rules that everyone in the country must follow. But exactly how do those laws get made? The process is not easy, and it takes a long time.
A law begins when someone puts forward an idea. The idea can come from anyone, but it has to get to a U．S. lawmaker who wants it to become legislation (法律). In time, the idea is further developed into a written proposal, called a bill.
Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill. After the bill is introduced, it is sent to a small group of lawmakers, called a “committee”. Sometimes committee members seek more information about the proposal by holding hearings. Sometimes the committee changes the bill. Sometimes it decides not to take any action. In that case, we say lawmakers “table” the bill, or let it “die in the committee”．
But now and then, the bill is offered to lawmakers not on the committee. Those lawmakers debate the bill further. They might change the bill again. Finally, the full House or Senate votes on the bill. If it does not earn the majority of votes, the bill does not advance.
Finally, the agreed-upon bill is sent to the president. If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law. If the president does nothing and Congress is officially meeting, the bill becomes a law. But if the president does nothing and Congress is not in session, the bill does not pass. Or the president can officially reject the bill. If that happens, the bill is not stopped. Instead, it is returned to both the Senate and the House. If two-thirds of the senators and two-thirds of the House members approve the bill once again, even with the president objecting, they turn the bill into a law.
体裁：说明文 题材：社会 主题：美国法律的制定过程 【语篇解读】 该文主要介绍了美国法律的制定过程。 1．Who is the first to propose a bill? A．A lawyer. B．A citizen.
C．A member of Congress. D．A committee member.
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答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill”可知，第一个提出议案的人是国会成员。故选C。
2．When does a bill finally become a law? A．After it is sent to a committee. B．When the president signs it. C．After it returns to the Congress. D．While Congress is not in session.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句“If the president signs it, the bill becomes a law”可知，如果总统签署了一致同意的议案，那么该议案就成了一项法律。
3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Not every bill can be turned into a law. B．Anybody can put forward a proposal.
C．If “tabled”， the bill has to be voted on. D．Once proposed, the bill can't be changed.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是根据最后三段的内容可知，一项议案最终变成一项法律需要走很多程序，在这些程序中议案有可能被搁置或被否决，由此可推知，并不是每一项提案都会变成一项法律。
B
[2019·南昌二模] Although the idea of “zero emission and sustainable (可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it. But in Liuzhou, a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different.
The Liuzhou Municipality Urban Planning Bureau has signed up Italian architect Stefano Boeri, the father of the forest city movement, to build a self-contained community for up to 30,000 people. He is the go-to man for such projects thanks to the success of his “vertical forests”， two residential (住宅的) towers. Completed in 2014, they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot (煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Building Worldwide.
The Liuzhou project is a much more ambitious undertaking, however. Its homes, hospitals, hotels, schools and offices will be built on a 340-acre site in what Boeri calls the first attempt to create an “urban environment that is really trying to find a balance with nature”. Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year, while at the same time producing 900 tons of life-giving oxygen.
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Although the architects haven't published the cost of the forest city, the Milan towers cost only five percent more than traditional skyscrapers.
The construction of his forest city at Liuzhou is set to begin in 2020, and there is still a great deal of planning and research required before a projected completion date can be set. However, Boeri remains optimistic about the project and has confidence in the soundness of his vision: “I really think that bringing forests into the city is a way to deal with global warming.”
体裁：说明文 题材：环保 主题：将森林引入城市
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。为了改善环境，响应“可持续发展”的号召，柳州市聘用了著名建造设计师Stefano Boeri计划在2020开始设计低碳环保的城市小区。
【难句分析】 Although the idea of “zero emission and sustainable (可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中Although the idea of “zero emission and sustainable (可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide为Although引导的让步状语从句。
译文：尽管“零排放、可持续发展”的理念在世界范围内得到推广，但大多数城市都处于不知所措(的状态)，甚至有些城市反对这个理念。
4．What's Liuzhou's attitude towards the sustainable development? A．Approving. B．Cautious. C．Unfavorable. D．Doubtful.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第一段“Although the idea of ‘zero emission and sustainable (可持续的) development’ was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it. But in Liuzhou, a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different”可知，尽管很多城市对“可持续发展”理念不知所措甚至有些城市反对这个理念，但是柳州市的态度与它们大为不同；结合下文介绍的柳州市引进“城市森林”的小区设计可推知，对于可持续发展，柳州市的态度是赞同的，故A项正确。
5．Why is Stefano Boeri employed for the Liuzhou project? A．He volunteered to do the project. B．He is a famous architect in the world. C．He is the father of the forest recovery. D．He has gained experience in similar projects.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“He is the go-to man for such projects thanks to the success of his ‘vertical forests’， two residential (住
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宅的) towers”可知，由于设计“垂直森林”的成功，柳州市邀请Stefano Boeri设计类似的项目，故D项正确。
6．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．The architects. B．The two towers.
C．Forests in the city. D．The residents of the city.
答案与解析：B 考查代词指代。根据上文可知，Boeri成功设计了“垂直森林”，两个住宅塔楼；结合该句“Completed in 2014, they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot (煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Building Worldwide”可知，这两座住宅塔楼2014年完工，每年最多可消除17.5吨煤烟，其中一座被评为全球最佳高层建筑。由此可推知they指代上文中的“two residential (住宅的) towers”，故B项正确。
7．What's the purpose of Liuzhou project? A．To provide more jobs. B．To bring forest into city. C．To solve house shortage. D．To improve the environment.
答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第三段尾句“Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year, while at the same time producing 900 tons of life-giving oxygen”可知，柳州的这种城市设计项目中，有100种植物预计每年吸收近10 000吨二氧化碳和57吨污染物，同时产生900吨氧气。结合本文最后一句可知，Boeri认为把森林引入城市是应对全球变暖的一种方式。据此可推知，柳州的城市项目旨在改善环境，故D项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2019·桂林市、贺州市调研]A newborn baby will bring joy to the family. __1__， Nick was born without arms and legs, which made his parents __2__ at first.
Understandably, his parents had strong __3__ and fears of his future. Nevertheless, his parents didn't __4__ him. On the contrary, they expected him to live a __5__ life as common people. When he was only 18 months old, his father began to put him in the water, encouraging and teaching him to __6__. The law in Australia didn't allow him to be __7__ into a mainstream school because of his __8__. But his mother fought for the __9__ to be changed.
He liked going to school, but it was __10__ in his early years of school because of his __11__ difference.
Afterwards, when he reflected on the tough experience, he said it's the hard
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