文献出处: K J Bathe. THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE FOR THE STRUCTURE OF COMBINED TOWER CRA [J]. IEIT Journal of Adaptive & Dynamic Computing, 2015,15(2): 21-39.
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THE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE FOR THE STRUCTURE OF COMBINED
TOWER CRANE K J Bathe.
Abstract
This paper includes three parts, including design, finite element analysis and manufacturing. In the design section it will focus on the design of crane metal structure and adopt modular design approach，Not only to one kind of tower crane type structure for each combination of design ,but in between different types of tower crane modular design. In according to Criteria of design for crane GB/T 13752-92 and Criteria of design for tower crane GB3811-2008, the overall structural design method is used to design the main structural components of the crane, and then draw engineering drawings. Then matching job agencies and drive control section will be selected to complete the entire tower crane design. On the basis, the finite element analysis software will be used to build the simplified whole structure the equivalent finite element model. And then take static analysis on the finite element and Check its strength, stiffness and stability. According to the analysis results, the size of the design is modified to meet the requirements. Dynamic analysis is taken on the Tower crane finite element model to obtain its low natural frequency. Transient response analysis will be taken to analysis the structural deformation dynamic stress. After the above design and analysis, and then the tower crane will be manufactured and assembled.
Keywords: Modular design; Tower crane; Structural design and analysis; Finite element; Manufacturing
1 Introduction
Referred to as \construction crane. Tower crane belongs to a kind of continuous handling machinery, tower crane tower is standing can be close to the building, its jib connected in vertical at the top of the tower, the advantages make the tower crane hoisting height and working range is larger, the extent of tower crane can reach about 80% of the whole range with top utilization rate. Because of its high efficiency, wide range of use, large turning radius, high lifting height, convenient operation and installation and disassembly is simple wait for a characteristic, in the construction and industrial equipment installation, vertical transportation and widely used in loading and unloading, can reduce the construction period, lower the project cost. Tower crane is widely used all kinds of engineering construction of important lifting equipment, the use of tower crane machinery can greatly reduce the labor intensity, reduce the cost of engineering construction, but also to improve the quality of the engineering construction.
In recent years, due to some large industrial development needs of the project, some of the largest tower crane appeared. Due to the needs of the projects of urban population is concentrated area, city tower crane to satisfy the needs of the urban reconstruction and development. Classification of tower crane is more, for the level rotary arm type tower crane can be divided into the column cap type tower crane, wave type tower crane peace head type tower crane. Any a tower crane, no matter what is the difference between its technical performance and structure, the total can be decomposed into metal structure, working mechanism and drive control system three parts. Level rotary arm tower cap type tower crane is one of the most common kind of tower crane, the tower crane metal structure consists of chassis, the tower, slewing mechanism, tower head, tower caps, boom, balance arm, tie rod, etching the component part of tower crane metal structure is the main part of the tower crane, is the framework of the whole crane, all kinds of works to install the crane mechanism, drive control system, bearing by lifting heavy objects, inherit and pass a variety of load on the tower crane. Tower crane operating height and operating space is a metal
structure to determine the scope, through the metal structure transformation can also be composed of different models, each agency part of the tower crane is mainly made up of metal structure, to achieve a certain motion law.
Metal structure is composed of various kinds of metal parts made by certain connection means and can satisfy the requirements of the use of a certain engineering structures, with stable quality, high strength, safe and reliable, easy processing characteristics. In the field of hoisting machinery, because in order to satisfy different working conditions and use requirements, a variety of models emerge in endlessly, metal structure of lifting machinery is more diverse.
With new technology, new craft appear constantly, the performance parameters of metal structure to be more perfect, the design of tower crane structure is also more flexible, gradually formed some standard trend obvious generalization and seriation.In order to save production cost and improve the machining efficiency and to meet the demand of the market, tower crane has been toward the direction of a machine a variety of functions, and extensive in the form of combination. Now the tower of hoisting machinery field mainly adopts modular design method, the so-called modular design method, namely to tower crane tower as the main body structure, according to the characteristics of tower crane parts function different, will first tower crane is divided into several big modules, such as the tower, a lifting beam, a balance arm part, etc. he tower jib, and can be decomposed into different section for combination. Deign of tower crane according to the requirements of the different technical parameters, respectively, the corresponding components of combination, can obtain the various types of tower crane. ut the main content of this combination is a single tower crane or the same type and specification of the same tower crane parts, such as the tower crane jib, jack-up set, balance arm, etc. 2 Literature review
Tower crane originated in Europe, has been in a leading position in the tower crane technology development abroad, the industry structure is more perfect. In Germany, for instance, Germany is not only in the tower on the ownership, in tower crane technology is very advanced, and Germany has long made the German
industrial standards about the tower crane. The tower crane industry at home and abroad to study, and now the design of the tower crane development appeared many new characteristics, such as: series product mix, the standardized; Light-duty gm products, diversification.
In recent years, because of the large very large building construction work continuously increased, the cost of the goods transportation increasing, increasingly short work cycle, and enlarged the scale of production factors such as comprehensive effect makes for large enterprises and the demand of the high tower crane is constantly increasing. Tower crane is moving toward large hoisting quantitative, working speed rapidness, low energy consumption and high reliability direction, it's of crane hoisting capacity, range, speed and height of work put forward new requirements, the new requirements greatly promote the innovation and development of large or very large crane technology, crane shows the tendency of a large-scale gradually, has become an important link of the production process automation. Due to the diversification of modern industrial production mode and user demand of individuation, the increasing demand of special crane, a new type of tower crane, their unique capabilities to meet the user's personalized needs, has played a very good effect in engineering, special tower crane market scale is continually expanding.
No tower crown ministry strut type Potion tower crane is French paten company design development of a new series of tower cranes. It has tower hat in traditional tower crane on the basis of bold innovation reform; remove the tower cap structure part, the balance of boom and arm of tower structure lighter, novel and beautiful. The new structural type of tower crane adopted the advanced design idea, the most prominent characteristics of novel structure and performance parameters of the range, large hoisting height, large work range, lifting torque, work with fast, slow, in the three.
The weight of the tower crane boom holds a large proportion in the total weight of the tower crane, while keeping the tower under the premise of carrying capacity, in order to reduce the weight of boom so as to improve the lifting performance of tower crane have to adopt some new materials. With the development of materials
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