专题一 冠词
重难点分析
冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，不能单独使用，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。
历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。
一、冠词的位置 1 2 3 4 考点 such/what/many/rather/quite + a(n) +形容词+单数可数名词 示例 quite a small house, such a little boy how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a(n) +单数可数名词 so nice a girl both/all/half/twice/double + the+名词 half a(n)或a half+单数可数名词 二、不定冠词
twice the size of the room half an hour / a half hour 1 2 考点 表示泛指，与any同义 表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概念不如one强烈 3 表示一类人或东西，与the same同义 示例 A square has four sides. 正方形有四边。 He will be back in a week. 一周后，他就会回来了。 Bird of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。 4 表示“每一个”，与every, each, per同义 I visit my father once a month. 我一个月见一次我爸爸。 5 表示“某一”，与a certain同义 A Mr. Smith is waiting to see you. 一位斯密斯先生在等着要见你。 6 表示“像……似的”，与like同义 He is a Lei Feng in our class. 他是我们班上的雷锋。 7 用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份或一场”等 We had a heavy rain last night. 我们昨晚遇到了一场大雨。 You are a great help to your mother. 你帮了你母亲一个大忙。 8 用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化
三、定冠词 1 考点 特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物 2 3 4 5 6 7 用于单数名词前，指一类事物 用于乐器名称前 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 与某些形容词连用表示一类人 用在序数词和最高级前 在江河、湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中 8 在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前 9 10 在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的人民 用在一些习惯用语中 the Chinese, the English in the morning, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year 四、零冠词 1 2 3 考点 专有名词和不可数名词前 示例 China, America, Grade One, Class Two, air, money, water the Browns, in the 1980s 示例 There I met a foreigner, and the foreigner helped me a lot. Do you know the man standing by the window? The lion is a wild animal. play the violin/piano the sun, the earth, the moon the rich, the poor, the young, the aged the first one to come to school, the best student in our class The Changjiang River, the West Lake, the English Channel 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any等 Go down this street. 当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时 We are students. I like reading stories. 4 5 成对名词连用时 在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前 day after day, face to face play basketball, play chess, like physics, speak English, at lunch 6 在季节、月份、星期或某些含Day的节假日等名词前 Autumn is the best season in Beijing. In May, New Year’s Day, on Sunday at noon, by bus, by telephone, in bed, in time, go to bed, go to college 7 在某些习惯用语中的名词前
五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析
英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。 1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面 There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内） 2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。 The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。 3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。
They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。 4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。 5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替 When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的？
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。
6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之
Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。 In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。 7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。 Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。 8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿 Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。 Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。 9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个 He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。 Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。
10. a most interesting 非常有趣的；the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级） This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story of the three. 这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。 11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士；a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士 A doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。 A doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。
12. a number of 许多、好些；the number of ……的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数） A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生在教室里。 The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40个学生。 考点练透
一、单句填空 用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“/”。 1. —hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t __________ Mr. Smith here.
2. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday?
3. —I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________ keyboard. —You shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer.
4. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one.
5. According to __________ World Health Organization, health-care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of AIDS.
6. For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living. 7. I think if really __________ honor for me to speak here. 8. This lab used to be in __________ charge of Mr. Wang.
9. I know there is __________ Mr. Smith next door, who has gone on __________ business.
10. He devotes most of his time to __________ football. And I am sure he promises __________ excellent footballer.
11. Don’t lose heart. Please have __________ second try. 12. Those who are rich should help __________ poor.
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