2020版高考英语人教版一轮复习练习
Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018山西重点中学协作体)
One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and darkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica,or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a“dwarf planet”(矮行星)in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaugh’s task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatory’s founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression’s dark encroachment (入侵).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.
1.Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage? A.Because it lost its major planet status.
B.Because it disappeared in the sky. C.Because it was discovered by an American.
D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe. 2.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.An American Scientist:Clyde Tombaugh B.Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy C.Pluto’s Strange Romance D.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania 3.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression. B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh. C.Clyde Tombaugh’s job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory. D.Clyde Tombaugh’s telescopes used for searching stars were very simple. 4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean? A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system. B.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system. C.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.
D.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is more than a planet. 语篇解读:文章介绍了冥王星的传奇故事,介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义。 答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”(矮行星) in 2006可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因为其地位下降了,从一个大行星变成了一颗矮行星。故选A。
2.C 文章标题题。根据文章的整体内容可推知,本文主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义,故“冥王星的传奇故事”适合作文章的标题。故选C。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses可推知,Clyde Tombaugh所使用的望远镜比较简单。故选D。
4.D 语义理解题。根据最后一段的第二句It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.和第三段中because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可推知,冥王星虽然不是太阳系边缘的行星,但是它的发现意义重大,比行星还重要。故选D。
B
(21世纪报第28期)
When I was 14,life felt dull and boring.
However,I didn’t mind looking at the same views every day.And even though the high school I go to has over a thousand students,I didn’t really care to notice the differences between us all.
But this dull view of mine shifted when my parents bought me a camera for Christmas. Even though I didn’t know the first thing about photography,I dived headfirst into the medium.
It was after a month of playing with my new camera when I realized I had no talent for taking pictures.
Even though I got friends to pose in front of abandoned buildings and in flowery fields,nothing seemed to work.
My photos were clearly missing something of importance and lacked originality (创意). After a while,I became so enraged(暴怒的) with my lack of artistic talent that I quit my new hobby.
Then,a month or two later,I suddenly decided to pick it up again.
During the summer break,I went for a walk on the railroad track behind my house. The area is abandoned and the tracks are a warm red color;it’s a gorgeous(灿烂的) sight to see.
Before the walk,I thought,“Maybe I should bring my camera”,which at the time,hadn’t been touched for weeks.
Surprisingly,this walk on the tracks was what began my love for photography. When I was walking on the train tracks without a model to photograph and only nature around me,I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.
I didn’t worry about trying to create something beautiful.Instead,I just captured photos of the beauty already around me.
I quickly became obsessed with texture,color,lighting,shape,shading and everything in between.
Later—after months of studying outdoor scenes,watching shadows and staring at people’
s eyes—I was finally able to create beauty of my own.
Slowly,my photos became something I was proud of.
So far,my work has been published in two small magazines and featured in two different art galleries.
They’re not huge achievements,but they’re important to me.And they’re signs of how much my artistic abilities have grown:I went from zero artistic talent to being published.
Thanks to this Christmas gift from my parents,I now have a new way of looking at the world.
5.It can be inferred from the first four paragraphs that the author . A.was unsatisfied with his life in high school B.didn’t get on well with his classmates at school C.had been expecting a camera for a long time D.found his life more fun with his new camera
6.The author gave up photography not long after he started it because he . A.realized that he had no interest in it B.couldn’t get his friends to pose for him C.was frustrated with his photographs D.was too busy to continue his new hobby
7.What did the author recognize during his walk on the railroad tracks? A.Beauty lies in the details of things all around us. B.He liked taking photos of nature more than people. C.He should be more confident in his photography. D.He should never ignore the beautiful things around him.
8.What does photography mean to the author,according to the article? A.It has made him more patient with himself.
B.It will allow him to become famous and wealthy. C.It always reminds him to be grateful for his parents. D.It has reshaped his way of viewing the world.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,记叙了作者用相机发现生活中的美。 答案及剖析:
5.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一句“When I was 14,life felt dull.”可知,作者在学校的生活很无聊。根据第三段第一句可知,父母送给作者的相机改变了这种生活。故选D。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“My photos were clearly missing something of importance...”可知,作者对自己的相片不满意。
7.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第八段中的“I realized how important it was to look at the details of things.”可知,美就在我们的身边,故选A。
8.D 主旨大意题。总结全文可知,相机使作者用一种新的方式去看待这个世界。 Ⅱ.语法填空(2018贵州遵义第四中学月考)
Leonardo da Vinci was an artist,scientist,and 1. (invent) during the Renaissance in Italy.The word “renaissance” 2. (come) from Latin and means “to be born again”.The renaissance was a time 3. Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.It 4. (last) from about the 1300s to the 1600s.5.
(bear) in 1452,da Vinci was one of the most famous men of this time.He is considered by many to be one of the 6. (talent) and intelligent people of all time.Have you heard of the term “renaissance man”? It means someone 7.
does many things very well.Originally,it 8. (use) to describe Leonardo da Vinci’s many talents.Da Vinci is 9. (probable) most well known as a painter.Two of his paintings,and perhaps two of the most famous in the world,are the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman 10. a meaningful smile.The Last Supper is about the famous Christian story. 答案及剖析:
1.inventor 考查名词。达·芬奇是文艺复兴时期意大利的一位艺术家、科学家和发明家。这里应该使用名词,所以填inventor。
2.comes 考查时态。由and means可判断出这里应该使用一般现在时,且The word “renaissance”是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用单数,填comes。
3.when Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.作定语,修饰a time,所以 Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.是一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作时间状语,所以填关系副词when。
4.lasted 考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以填lasted。 5.Born 考查非谓语动词。be born in出生于……,是固定用法,所以填Born。
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