强调和倒装
(一)强 调
①She realized that it was not the words but the way she spoke to Bruce that hurt him.(2014·厦门适应性考试)
她意识到不是她说的话，而是她对布鲁斯说话的方式伤害了他。
②It is the manager rather than the workers that is to blame for the accident. They just carried out the plan as told.
是经理而不是工人该为事故负责任。他们只是按被告知的执行计划。
③It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
④How was it that your brother managed to pass the math exam last week? He's always so lazy.(2014·长沙模考)
你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的？他总是那么懒。 ⑤I do hope you can take my plan into consideration. 我的确希望你能考虑我的计划。 [规律总结]
1．强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
2．如果原句中含有“not ... until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 3．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。 4．do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。
考点一 强调句型的基本用法
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when B．that C．which
D．what
2．(2013·重庆高考)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued. A．who B．that C．when D．how
考点二 not until的强调句型
3．(2013·天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan. A．that C．why
B．where D．when
[解题技法指导]
技法一：判断强调句型的方法
判断句子是否为强调句型可以将It is/was和that/who去掉，如果剩余部分的结构依然完整，则该句为强调句型。否则则不是。
It is there that accidents often happen.→Accidents often happen there.事故经常在那里发生。 技法二：注意强调句与其他句型的区别 (1)强调句与定语从句的区别
It was in the factory where he worked that I got to know him.
正是在他工作的那家工厂里我开始认识了他。(where引导定语从句，that为强调结构中的that) (2)强调句与名词性从句的区别
It's no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队赢得比赛并不惊奇。(名词性从句)
It is not what he says but what he does that matters.重要的是他做了什么而不是说了什么。(强调句)
(二)倒 装
一、完全倒装
①For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. 一会儿没发生什么事情。接下来传来了一起喊的声音。
②Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood. 公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。 ③Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief. 听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。
④Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。 ⑤Away they went. 他们走了。 [规律总结]
在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种： 1．表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如here, there, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时。
2．若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。 [点津] 主语是代词时不倒装。 二、部分倒装
①Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. (2011·湖南高考) 直到他们讨论那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。
②Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012·上海高考) 她设法逃离了不断上涨的洪水只是幸运而已。
③—Shall we take some apples with us? —No, at no time is food allowed in the library. ——我们可以随身带些苹果吗？ ——不，图书馆绝不允许带食物。
④—It's nice. Never before have I had such a special drink! —I'm glad you like it. (2011·福建高考)
——太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料！ ——你喜欢我很高兴。
⑤Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(2010·江西高考) 直到他离开家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。 [规律总结]
1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。
2．否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little，seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。
三、部分倒装的特殊句式
①They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢有很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
②Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America nor/neither (have I heard) from her. 自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。 ③So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。
④Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。 ⑤Young though she is, she has travelled to many countries to put on shows. 她尽管年轻，但已到过很多国家进行演出。
⑥It is said that no sooner had the game started than it began to rain.(2014·哈尔滨四校统一检测) 据说比赛刚一开始就开始下雨了。 [规律总结]
1．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
2．在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
3．not only ...but also ...连接两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，它所在的分句使用部分倒装。 4．as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)
5．hardly ...when ...; no sooner ...than ...; scarcely ...when ...刚??就??，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
考点一 完全倒装
1．(2010·陕西高考)John opened the door. There ________ he had never seen before.
A．a girl did stand C．did a girl stand 考点二 部分倒装
2．(2013·江西高考)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ to him again.
A．I will speak C．do I speak
B．will I speak D．I speak B．a girl stood D．stood a girl
3．(2013·福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.
A．had he realized C．he realized
B．did he realize D．he had realized
4．(2013·辽宁高考)At no time ________ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
A．they actually broke C．did they actually break
B．do they actually break D．they had actually broken
5．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)—Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!
—________， madam.It's our soup of the day. A．Let me see C．Don't mention it
B．So it is D．Neither do I
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏、锡、常、镇调研)—Was it because of his shortsightedness ________ he was turned down by the company?
—No, it was because of his poor performance. A．when C．what
B．that D．how
2．(2014·徐州质检)It was President Xi Jinping ________ visited the navy troops and urged to strengthen naval force on April 9,2013.
A．when C．that
B．which D．he
3．(2014·长沙四县一市联考)I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ________ I'm talking to.
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