The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.大雨是导致洪水产生的原因。
I haven’t done the work well;my excuse is that I have been ill. 我没有把工作做好,我的理由是病了。
辨析:match, suit, fit 与go with
match多指大小,色调,形状或性质等方面的搭配。 suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件或地位等 fit 多指大小、形状合适
go with 有多个以上,表示“同意;伴随,陪伴=go along with 配合,调和等。在表示颜色方面的调和可以与match互换。
The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配 Does the time here suit you ?这里的时间对你合适吗?】
Try the new key and see if it fits(the keyhole)试试新配的钥匙,看看是否合适(与锁眼是否吻合)
This color does not match/go with that.这种颜色和那种颜色不协调。 辨析:design, plot, project , scheme design 设计、构思或精心策划的计划. plot旨在反对某人的计划、阴谋。
project可指实验性计划,与scheme意思接近 scheme“规划,方案”,比较系统,详尽。
The success of this car shows the importance of good design in helping to sell the product.
The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot.这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴谋被杀害。
The project to build a new national park will be completed next year. 他们建造一个新的国家公园的工程将于明年完工。
The scheme seems on the surface to be quite pratical.这个方案表面上看似乎很实际。 辨析:solve,settle
solve “解决”侧重于给出一个答案 settle “解决”其对象通常是某种争端 solve a problem/ a mystery settle an issue /an argument 辨析:情态动词用法; 情态动词 must may can 意义 使用句型 比较 must 只用于肯定句,表示较有把握、可能性较大的一种推测 may 用于肯定句中,表示一种推测,含有怀疑之意。 may用于否定句中,语气较弱,may not意为“可能不” can用于否定句,语气较强,can not 意为“不可能” 用于疑问句表推测,通常只用can,不用may 肯定,一定 肯定句 可能,或许 肯定句 否定句 可能 否定句 疑问句
辨析:by,with, in 与through
by “方式,手段”接动名词或表示工具的名词 with后接具体的工具 in后接语言、声音、颜色等名词 through表示“以??经由” He makes a living by selling newspapers.他靠卖报谋生。by plane/sea/car乘飞机、船、车 He likes to write the letter with a pen.他喜欢用钢笔写信。
The room is painted in bright colors.这个房间是用亮的颜色漆的。 He became rich throght hard work.他通过努力工作而致富。 辨析:a crowd, the crowd
a crowd “许多人”作主语时谓语动词可以是单数(指集合体),也可以是复数指成员) the crowd “民众,大众“同the public作主语时谓语动词可以用单数页可以用复数。 There is/ are a crowd of people over there.那边聚集着很多人。 The crowd was/were dispersed.人群被驱散了。 巧记:-ed形式,和-some 表示的意义 -ed表被动意义 worried troubled bored -some表示主动意义 worrisome troublesome boresome The speech made me tired.那个讲话使我感到厌烦。 It was a tiresome speech.那是令人厌烦的讲话。 辨析:nearby ,near by, near, nearly, colse
nearby 形容词“附近的”副词“在附近”=near by。没有比较级 near by “在附近”相对于副词,作状语或后置定语
near 可作形容词、副词或介词,意为“在??附近”有比较级。 nearly是副词,意为“差不多,几乎,密切地,亲切地”
close 语气强于near,指时间、地点或程度方面的接近,有“紧靠、相邻”的意味。
Li Hua lives in a nearby village which is not far from the school.李华住在离学校不远的一个村庄里。
Is there a hospital near by? 这附近有医院吗?
The lake is near our school.那个湖在我们学校附近。 She was nearly as well as he was.她几乎和他一样高。
All my close friends will join us.我所有的密友都将加入我们的行列。 辨析:return, answer, reply, respond
return 正式用词、从本义“归来,回去”引申作“回答,答辩”讲时,含反驳或反唇相肌之意。
answer 常用词,指用书面、口头或行动对他人的请求、询问、质问等作出回答或反应 reply 较正式用词,较少用于口语。侧重经过考虑的较正式答复 respond 正式用词,指即刻的、以口头或行动对外来的号召、请求或刺激等作出回答或响应。 He returned his charge at the meeting yesterday.
Often I do use three words where one would answer.当一个词就够用的时候我经常用三个。 I replied that I was unable to help them.我回复说我不能帮助他们。
You didn’t really expect the President to respond personally to your letter, did you ? 你并为料到总统会亲自给你回信,是吗? 辨析:forecast , predict
forecast 指在知识的帮助下告诉大家将要发生的事。
predict 指根据已有的知识、经验和思想进行“预见性描述。
The teacher forecast that most students would pass the exam.老师预测大多数学生会通过考试。 It’s hard to predict when it will happen.很难预测它何时发生。
辨析:some time,some times, sometime , sometimes some time 名词短语,表示一段时间,也可表达sometime的意义 some times 名词短语,表示“几次,几倍” sometime 指某一个不明确的时间,用过去时态、将来时态都可以。 sometimes 表示“有时,间或”用来描述现在或过去常发生的事。 It’ll take some time to finish reading the novel.读完这本小说需要一些时间。 We have been to the Great Wall some times.我们去过几次长城。
It happened sometime(some time)_ in August.这事发生在8月的某个时候。 Sometimes we are busy but sometimes we are not.我们有时忙有时不忙。 辨析:work 与job
work 作名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思(在这一意义上的同义词有labour)又作为职业概念的“工作的意思”(在这一意义上的同义词有employment, occupation,)work 为不可数名词。
job 作“工作”解,其实有两层含义;一个是 “干活”的“活”一个作为职业的“事”job作“干活”的活解时同义词还有task, duty,assignment, 等,job 作为职业的“事”解时,有如下的同义词:position,place, situation, post等,为可数名词。
例:I like gardens too, but I don’t like hard work.我也喜欢花园,但是我不喜欢辛苦的劳动。 You have done a day’s work in three hours.你在三个小时内完成了一天的工作。
When you start a jbo, you must stick to it.一旦你开始了一项工作,你就得持之以恒。 It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. 那时,修理自行车就是他的工作,而且常常是一天要工作14个小时。 辨析:work on , work at work on 表示“从事”“创作”“进行”后接名词,代词或v-ing 强调作具体的事,还可以表示“继续工作”努力说服,既可作及物动词短语用,又可作不及物动词短语用。
work at 表示“致力于,从事于,研究,学习,后接名词,代词或v-ing 形式,强调把时间和精力等用在某一方面的事情上,侧重于说明所从事的工作性质。 Miss Liu is working on a new book.刘老师正在写一本新书。 We’ll work on till midnight.我们将继续工作到午夜。
Mr Zhang is working at a new invention.张先生正致力于一项新的发明。 He has worked at his subject for many years. 辨析:it, one, that
it代替前面提到的同一名称的同一事物,即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数也可以是不可数名词。
one 代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个。所代替名词指能是可数名词单数。其前面可带冠词,还可被this,that或形容词修饰,其后也可由定语。
that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数页可以是不可数名词,但其前不能有修饰语,可带有后置定语。
例:Hibernation is more than a sleep.It is a very deep sleep/(It 代替不可数名词Hibernation)冬眠不仅仅是睡眠,它是沉睡。
The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today.(one 代替可数名词单数problem)人口问题或许是当今世界上最大的问题。
The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.(that代替可数名词单数doctor,不能用one代替,但可用the one 代替)我们的校医比他们的年轻。 辨析:sickness(illness) ,sick, disease ill,
sickness 是指一般的生病状态。 disease指特定的病,且经常是由病名的疾病。 ill 作表语,表示“有病的”英国人场用ill,美国人场用sick。英国人常用sick表示“作呕的,恶心的” sick作定语,ill通常表示“坏的,邪恶的”sick表示令人作呕的,如ill effects不良影响;a sick smell令人恶心的气味 She is absent because of sickness.他因病缺席。 He suffers from a heart disease.他得了心脏病。
He was ill(sick) in bed with a cold.他因感冒而卧病在床。 He has an ill temper.他脾气不好。
He told a sick joke yesterday.昨天他讲了个令人毛骨悚然的笑话。 辨析:chance,opportunity, occation chance 表示“机会, 机遇”强调偶然性 opportunity表示“机会,时机”,常常符合某人目的、心愿的好时机,有“适逢其会,正好便利行事”的意味
occasion “时机,机会”指某个明确时刻提供的机会,含有“转瞬即逝”的意思。
If we can swim, the chances are that we can save our lives.如果我们会游泳,我们就可能自救。 This has been my only opportunity to practise speaking English.这一直是我练习英语的唯一机会。
This is a good occasion to congratulate him.这是向他贺喜的好机会。 辨析:also,toot, as well, either
also 比too正式一些,语气较重,只用于肯定句,一般紧靠动词。 too 语气较轻,多用于口语,在肯定句中使用,通常位于句末。 as well 一般不用于否定句,通常放在句末,强调时刻放在句中。 either 用于否定句,放在句末,之前加逗号。
If you stay, I will also. 如果你留下来,我也要留下来。 He’s coming along too.他也要来。
He mentioned other matters as well.他也提到了其他事情。
If you don’t order a dessert, I won’t ,either.如果你不点甜点,我也不点。 辨析:especially,specially, particularly especially副词,“特别是,尤其”侧重达到异常的程度。 specially 副词“特别地,专门地”强调专门的用途和目的。
particularly 副词“特别地”与especially(in particular)意思相同,强调事物的个别性和稳定性。
I hate getting up early especially in winter.我讨厌早起,尤其是在冬天。
The weather has been especially cold, I came specially to see you.最近天气特别冷,我特地来看你。
This was hard for young children, particularly when they were ill.这对年幼的孩子们来说太苦了,尤其生病时更加如此。 辨析:over ,during, for
over 强调某一段时间内事物变化的结果。 during用于说明某事发生的时间。 for用于说明占用的时间。
He went to sleep over his work.他干着活儿就睡着了。
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