限时测试(15)
专题特训(阅读理解——主旨大意)
Passage 1
体裁：说明文 话题：生态旅游 时间：6分钟
Ecotourism is a combination of ecology(the study of systems of living things) and tourism.The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well－being of the local people.”Actually，ecotourism can mean travel to far－off places of great natural beauty，but not always in a responsible way.It's big business，and the attraction of money can cause people to think about profits first.While ecotourism offers benefits for people and ecosystems，it leaves ecosystems open to negative effects，too.
Costa Rica，once a Spanish colony，and independent since 1821，has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly，and thousands of jobs have been created.Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks，largely thanks to ecotourism.Nonetheless，due to the number of people visiting the country's natural places，some damage to the ecosystem has occurred.
While tourists can have a negative influence on ecosystems，the same areas might have been totally destroyed by industries such as farming，logging，or mining were there no ecotourism industry.Instead，nature reserves have been created，keeping the ecosystem protected.And，by visiting beautiful rainforests and seeing rare animals，visitors get a sense of their value，and of gratitude for them.Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment.Visitors can take these lessons with them to their home countries.
Unfortunately，while their effect may not be noticeable in the off－season，the constant procession of visitors in the high season can be damaging.At one national park in Costa Rica，wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists.Furthermore，ecotourists tend to seek out places with the rarest animals and plants，pressuring the most delicate living things.
Controlling random development isn't easy.Corruption can lead officials to stand ecological damage.For example，a large resort facility，normally not allowed near a reserve，may be allowed if the company pays enough money to certain people in the government.Limited resources are another issue.Areas of forests and beaches that would require an army to protect are often watched by several employees.
It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry but it is important to be positive as well.Ecotourism can never be“pure.”We can't expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem.It is also unrealistic to think that humans won't go anywhere accessible to them.If protection efforts are maintained and strengthened，those remaining places of undisturbed nature may be stressed，but they won't be destroyed.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了生态旅游的定义和好处以及它所带来的负面效应。
1．The main purpose of the passage is to ________．
A．call for creating more ecotourism－related jobs for people B．introduce ecotourism as a way of protecting natural places
C．argue against ecotourism as a damaging trend that must be stopped
D．stress that ecotourism benefits ecosystems on the whole despite its damage
解析 主旨大意题。文章既涉及到生态旅游所带来的巨大效益好处，也交代了它同时产生的一些负面效应，从文章的最后一段“but it is important to be positive as well”可看出作者更强调前者。故选D。
答案 D
2．Which change has occurred in Costa Rica since the introduction of ecotourism? A．National parks have been set up thanks to ecotourism. B．Costa Rica became independent from Spain.
C．Wild monkeys suffered a lot from feeding on garbage.
D．Many areas have been destroyed by developing ecotourism.
解析 细节理解题。从文章第二段“Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks，largely thanks to ecotourism”得出答案为A。
答案 A
3．It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that ________． A．officials work hard to control random development
B．officials are not tough enough with ecological protection C．there is no enough money available to build resorts D．local officials paid great attention to illegal activities
解析 推理判断题。从第五段 “Corruption can lead officials to stand ecological damage”得出政府对生态保护不够雷厉风行，导致了有贿赂腐败事情存在。故选B。
答案 B
4．Why does the author think it is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry? A．Because wildlife is very easy to protect.
B．Because it is easy to remove the negative effects of ecotourism. C．Because ecotourism is not as profitable as it should be. D．Because it takes advantage of nature for profit.
解析 细节理解题。从第四段“wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists”可排除A，从第五段中“Controlling random development isn't easy”可排除B，正是因为有巨大利益可图，在第五段中“may be allowed if the company pays enough money to certain people in the government”故可排除C，选D，利用自然寻求利益。
答案 D
5．What is the writer's attitude towards ecotourism? A．Concerned. B．Subjective. C．Realistic. D．Unfavorable.
解析 推理判断题。从最后一段“but it is important to be positive as well”和“Ecotourism can never be ‘pure’．We can't expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem”故可推断出作者态度是现实的，选C。
答案 C
Passage 2
体裁：记叙文 话题：生活经历 时间：10分钟
The event that stands out in my memory happened one morning in 1983 when I was 14 years old.I was at home with my mother，getting ready for the afternoon session of school.
I was doing my homework when I heard raised voices.At first I thought nothing of it—customers in the motorcycle shop directly below us often became unruly and loud，but I soon realized this was different.
“Quick！Remove the motorcycles from the shop，”someone yelled.
Then a thick burning smell filled the air.When I opened the front door of our flat to investigate，a thick cloud of smoke，billowing up from the ground floor，greeted me.The motorcycle shop had caught fire.
My mum，who had been working in the kitchen，hurried to the living room.We rushed out of the door and along the corridor through the smoke.
We were heading towards the stairway at the far end of the corridor when Mum stopped in her tracks.She turned around and headed back the way we came.I had no idea what she was doing，but I followed suit.
Mum had suddenly remembered the Korean lady in her 70s who lived next door to us，who we called Makcik.Mum began banging on Makcik's door，but to no avail.As the smoke thickened around us，I could see many of our neighbors—some still in their pyjamas—running for safety.
“She would have run for safety like everyone else！”I cried. Mum refused to give up.“I know Makcik's still inside，”she said as she pounded the door.“Go downstairs，Shaji.Go now！”
However，frozen with fear，I stood rooted to the spot.By then，both of us were coughing and our eyes were stinging.Time seemed to stand still，though we were probably there for only two or three minutes.
Just as I was beginning to suffocate(窒息)，the door opened.Makcik stood there，totally confused.Mum was right—she had been unaware of what was happening.Grabbing her hand，Mum led Makcik downstairs and outside to a safe spot where people had gathered to witness the fire.
The firemen had just arrived and set about fighting the blaze，which was reaching up to the
two floors above the motorcycle shop.
Comprehending the gravity of the situation，Makcik broke down.Holding my mother's hands tightly，and with tears flowing down her cheeks，she spoke to Mum.I could not hear what she said，but there was no mistaking her gratitude.I learned later that Makcik was sleeping when the fire broke out.
I dread to think what would have happened if Mum had not turned back for her.
Soon the firemen put out the billowing flames.There were no deaths or injuries，though the motorcycle shop was completely destroyed.
Although the fire had damaged our corridor badly，it was put out before it could spread into our flat.Our home had been saved，though everything was covered in soot(黑灰) and an awful smell hung in the air.And，sadly，my pet lovebirds were dead.
I felt terrible for not saving them in my haste.However，the thought of Mum's courageous act in saving a human life brought great relief.
Years later，I asked Mum about this incident.She said she was familiar with Makcik's daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping。When I asked if she was scared，Mum replied：“When a loved one is in danger，the thought of fear never crosses the mind.”
During my school days，whenever I wrote an essay about courageous deeds，I always focused on soldiers risking their lives to save others.It never occurred to me to write about my mum who had，in her determined way，saved our elderly neighbor.Today I know better.Maria Thomas，a timid and modest lady，someone who would not be mistaken for a superhero，had turned out to be my real hero.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了1983年楼下火灾，母亲冒着生命危险救了邻居，成为作者心目中的英雄。
6．It can be inferred from the passage that ________． A．firefighters broke in and saved Makcik from the fire
B．Makcik ran for safety like everyone else after the fire broke out C．Makcik survived the fire owing to my mum's timely rescue
D．people headed back to Makcik's flat at the request of my mother
解析 推理判断题。是母亲救了Makcik可排除A，发生火灾时Makcik正在睡觉可排除B，其他人都只顾自己逃命，故可排除D，是母亲及时救了Makcik，故选C。
答案 C
7．Receiving no response from Makcik，Mum still refused to leave because ________． A．she didn't realize that the fire was quickly surrounding her B．she was sure that Makcik must be sleeping at that time C．she was convinced that Makcik must be too scared to move D．she was informed that Makcik was in desperate need of help
解析 细节理解题。从文章第9段“I know Makcik's still inside”和倒数第二段中“She said she was familiar with Makcik's daily routine and was certain she would still sleeping”得出B。
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