高考英语长难句分析 英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。 1） 划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;
2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）；
3） 名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
4） 非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；
5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干； 6） 分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。 一、 复合从句
? 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个
句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。
? 这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句
之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
二、 分隔结构
为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息 三、 成分省略
? 在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出
关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。
例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。 四、 改变语序
? 改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句
子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的标志。
? 当然，被动句、双重否定句等句式在阅读考试中也屡屡出现，限于篇幅本文未将其
归入。希望考生能结合阅读实践来体会上述句法特征。
突破策略 (1) 结构分析法
? 所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框
架。
? 基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核
心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法 —找主谓语，即找主干成分
① However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.
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② Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
③At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floors chute(道) doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. 方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
① The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing.
② Miss Germaine’s mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted. 方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
① Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 方法四：
并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 ——先读懂并列复合句， 再看主从复合句
If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror. (2)意群阅读法
意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。 此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。例如： ? When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters. 典型例题 ? 例1、 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植).
? 例2 、Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. 跳出陷阱
1. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasure—a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan—“a woman who knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.
2. The alarm had been raised because Vicki became suspicious(怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Year’s Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face ...
3. At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey
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Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past.
1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.
3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.
4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.
5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.
6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.
7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.
8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake!
9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began
10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper
11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City
13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous
15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.
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