C．How tons of waste has been recycled． D．What support the local institutions get．
C
Steve Jobs was 52 when he announced the iPhone. That was in 2007. Years later, the Apple co-founder introduced the MacBook Air, App Store and iPad. Tim Cook, who was 51 when he took over from Jobs, is building on his legacy. They both broke a myth that the young rule the technology industry.
Silicon Valley's venture capitalists speak openly of their bias(偏爱) toward the young. “People under 35 are the people who make change happen； people over 45 basically die in terms of new ideas,” Vinod Khosla, a prominent investor, said at a conference.
The result of this bias is that older entrepreneurs often are ignored while younger entrepreneurs(企业家) receive attention and funding. This is hurting the venture-capital system as well as Silicon Valley—because the stereotypes（模式化观念） are wrong.
Research on successful technology firms looked only at companies that had made it out of the garage and were making at least $ 1 million in profits. The research revealed that the average and medium age of their founders was 39. Twice as many were older than 50 as were younger than 25. And twice as many were older than 60 as were younger than 20. In a follow- up project, we studied the backgrounds of 549 successful entrepreneurs in 12 high-growth industries. The average and medium age of male founders in this group was 40，and a significant proportion（比例） were older than 50.
There are lots of young founders in Silicon Valley, some of whom drop out of school to start their companies. The vast majority of these start-ups fail, however, because there is no substitute（代替） for experience and knowledge which come with age.
Young entrepreneurs surely have an advantage in social media and app building. They understand these new technologies better than their parents do because they have grown up using them. It is also easier to write code for a cellphone than to learn how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market products. But building a business requires all of those skills. That is why older entrepreneurs have more success. As baby boomers become as familiar with Internet and mobile technologies as their children are，they surely will give the youngsters a run for their money. They also have greater buying power and a better understanding of the markets for the next generation of technologies.
That is why we need to get beyond the stereotypes and realize that baby boomers are going to better the world. 28. Which age group might the baby boomers belong to?
A. Under 20.
B. 20 to 30.
C. 55 to 65.
D. 35 to 45
29. From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A.people in their 50s are absolutely unable to come up with new ideas B.the average and medium age of the founders of technology firms was 50 C.some young founders in Silicon Valley quit school to start their companies D.younger people tend to have a better understanding of the markets than old ones
30. All the following statements explain why older entrepreneurs are more successful in building a business
EXCEPT that _____.
A.they are more experienced and knowledgeable
B.they know how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market products
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C.they have greater buying power than younger ones
D.they are more familiar with Internet and mobile technologies
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A.Why baby boomers are an important part of technology's future.
B.Some Silicon Valley's venture capitalists speak openly of their bias toward the young. C.The young have an advantage in social media and app building than the old. D.The young rule the technology industry.
D
Intelligence makes for better leaders —from undergraduates（大学生） to managers to presidents — according to multiple studies. It certainly makes sense that handling a market shift or anything alike require intelligence. But new research on leadership suggests that, at a certain point, having a higher IQ stops helping and starts hurting.
Although previous research has shown that groups with smarter leaders perform better by objectivemeasures, some studies have suggested that followers might subjectively view leaders with extremely high intellect as less effective. Decades ago, Dean Simonton, a psychologist from the University of California, Davis, proposed that brilliant leaders' words may simply go over
people's heads, their solutions could be more complicated to carry out and followers might find it harder to relate to them. Now Simonton and two colleagues have finally tested that idea, publishing their results in the July 2017 issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology.
The researchers looked at 379 male and female business leaders in 30 countries across fields including banking, retail and technology. The managers took IQ tests and each was rated on leadership style and effectiveness by an average of eight co-workers. IQ positively correlated （和......正相关）with ratings of leader effectiveness, strategy formation, vision and several othercharacteristics—up to a point. The ratings peaked（峰值） at an IQ of around 120, which is higher than roughly 80 percent of office workers. Beyond that, the ratings declined(降低). The researchers suggest the \depending on whether technical or social skills are more valued in a given work culture.
\an interesting and thoughtful paper,” says Paul Sackett, a management professor atUniversity of Minnesota, who was not involved in the research. “To me, the right interpretation（理解） of the work would be that it highlights（强调） a need to understand what high-IQ leaders do that leads to lower understanding by followers,” he says. “The wrong interpretation would be, “Don’t hire high-IQ leaders.'\
The study’s lead author, John Antonakis, a psychologist at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, suggests leaders should use their intelligence to use creative language that will persuade and inspire others—the way former U.S. President Barack Obama did. \think the only way a smart person can signal their intelligence properly and still connect with the people,” Antonakis says, \32. The reason why those with high IQs are viewed as worse leaders is probably that
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.
A.followers think of their leaders to be less effective B.their IQ has a positive correlation with leader effectiveness C.they are hard to get their plans across to followers D.their social skills can't be recognized in some work culture
33. Which of the following graphs shows the correct relationship between IQ points and leadership qualities?
34. To improve their leadership, high-IQ leaders can.
A.interpret the work they are involved in B.use inspiring and accessible language C.take a course in leader effectiveness D.communicate more with their followers 35 What could be the best title for the passage?
A.A way to success for high-IQ leaders B.The latest research on intelligence C.Choose to be a leader of low intelligenceD. Does a high IQ advance your leadership 第二节.（共5小題; 每小題2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Environmental pollution kills 1. 7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. (36) ____ This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.
(37) ____ The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600, 000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.
Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. (38) ____ And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk ofchronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.
(39) ____ The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.
(40) ____ The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions： ? ? ? ? ?
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Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic. Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.
Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality. Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.
Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very
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polluted area.
A. However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the mostdangerous. B. But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?
C. Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. D. The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths. E. A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children. F. Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.
G. Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the leadon ensuring that children
grow up in a clean environment.
第II卷（非选择题）共50分。
第三部分：英语知识运用
第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分）
The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.----Thomas Macaulay。
Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nanette O’Neillgavean arithmetic 41 to our class. When the papers were 42 ,she discovered that twelve boys had made the 43 mistakes throughout the test.
There is really nothing new about 44 in the exams. Perhaps that was 45 Mrs. O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to 46 after class. I was one of the twelve.Mrs. O’Neill asked no questions, and she didn’t 47 us either.She wrote on the blackboard the 48 words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to 49 these words into our exercise books one hundred times.
I don’t 50 about the other eleven boys. Speaking for myself I can say: it was the most important single 51 of my life. Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulay’s words, they 52 seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give me a 53 to measure myself rather than others. 54 of us are asked to make great decisions about 55 going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called upon daily to make a great many 56 decisions. Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or turned over to the 57 ? Should the 58 change received at the store be forgotten or 59 ? Nobody will know except 60 . But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect. 41. A. test 42. A. examined 43. A. same 44. A. lying 45. A. how 46. A. come 47. A. excuse 48. A. above 49. A. get 50. A. worry 51. A. chance 52. A. even
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B. paper B. finished B. usual B. talking B. why B. leave B. reject B. common B. put B. hear B. lesson B. still
C. lesson C. marked C. silly C. guessing C. what C. remain C. spare C. special C. copy C. talk C. incident C. always
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D. problem D. answered D. serious D. cheating D. when D. apologize D. scold D. following D. repeat D. know D. memory D. almost
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