圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台第1章谁是英国人I.ExplaineachofthefollowinginEnglish1.TheScottishHighlanders【答案】TheScottishHighlanderconsiderhimselfthe’true’Scotandhewearshisnationaldress,thekilt,withpride.Theyareaproud,independentandhardypeoplewhomainlylivebyfarmingsheepinthemountainareas.2.TheBritishIsles【答案】TheBritishIslesareagroupofislandsoffthenorthwestcoastofcontinentalEuropethatincludetheislandsofGreatBritain,Irelandandoversixthousandsmallerisles.Therearetwosovereignstateslocatedontheislands:theRepublicofIrelandandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.3.TheNationalEisteddfod【答案】TheNationalEisteddfodtakesplaceeachAugustandlastsforaboutaweek.ThehighlightoftheEisteddfodisacompetitionforthebestepicpoemaboutWaleswrittenandreadinWelsh;thewinneriscrownedBard,consideredthesupremehonorinWales.4.Bard【答案】InmedievalGaelicandBritishculture,abardwasaprofessionalpoet,1/10圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台employedbyapatron,suchasamonarchornobleman,tocommemoratethepatron’sancestorsandtopraisethepatron’sownactivities.5.NorthernIreland(Ulster)【答案】In1922,Irelandwaspartitioned.The26countriesofsouthernIrelandbecametheIrishFreeState,laterre-namedtheRepublicofEire.ThesixcountriesofUlster,inthenorth,remainedpartoftheUnitedKingdomwiththeirownparliament,Stormont,responsibleforinternalaffairs.6.OliverCromwell【答案】HewasanEnglishmilitaryandpoliticalleaderandlaterLordProtectoroftheCommonwealthofEngland,ScotlandandIreland.7.WilliamIII【答案】WilliamIIIwasasovereignPrinceofOrangeoftheHouseofOrange-Nassaubybirth.From1672hegovernedasStadtholderWilliamIIIofOrangeoverHolland,Zeeland,Utrecht,Gelderland,andOverIjsseloftheDutchRepublic.From1689hereignedasWilliamIIIoverEnglandandIreland;itisacoincidencethathisregnanumber(III)wasthesameforbothOrangeandEngland.AsKingofScotland,heisknownasWilliamII.HeisinformallyknownbysectionsofthepopulationinNorthernIrelandandScotlandas“KingBilly”.Inwhatbecameknownasthe“GloriousRevolution”,on5November1688WilliaminvadedEnglandinanaction2/10圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台thatultimatelydeposedKingJamesII&VIIandwonhimthecrownsofEngland,ScotlandandIreland.IntheBritishIsles,Williamruledjointlywithhiswife,MaryII,untilherdeathon28December1694.Theperiodoftheirjointreignisoftenreferredtoas“WilliamandMary”.8.TheOrangeDaycelebrations【答案】(1)CelebrationsheldbyProtestantson12AugusteachyearinNorthernIrelandtocommemoratethebattleoftheRoynein1690whentheProtestantKingWilliamIII(WilliamofOrange)crushedaCatholicrebellioninLondonderry.(2)ThecelebrationswerealwaysaggressivelyprovocativeandfightingsoftenbrokeoutbetweenProtestantmarchersandCatholicbystanders.9.TheProvisionalIRA【答案】(1)IRA,theIrishRepublicanArmy,isanationalistorganizationdedicatedtotheunificationofIreland.(2)Itwasorganizedin1919.(3)In1969itsplitintoan“official”majority,whichdisclaimedviolence,andaterrorist”provisional”wing,whoseattacksonBritishtroopsinNorthernIreland,randombombings,andothersactsofterrorinEnglandkepttensionshigh.10.ThePeacePeople【答案】(1)Inthesummerof1976BettyWilliams,aProtestanthouse-wife,wasso3/10圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台horrifiedatthekillingoftwochildrenbyarunningIRAcarthatshedecidedtoorganizethewomenofUlster,bothProtestantandCatholic,intoapressuregroup.(2)ItisapressuregroupworkingforpeaceandreconciliationinIreland.Williamsandhercatholicpartner,Corrigan,soongatheredthousandsoffollowersdespitethreatsandintimidationfrombothsides.(3)Theycontinuedtopursuetheiraimsandattheendof1976thetwoleaderswereawardedtheNobelPrizeforPeace.11.WilliamtheConqueror【答案】InAD1066WilliamofNormandy(Williamtheconqueror)landedwithalargearmedforceonthesouthcoastandwonagreatvictoryovertheSaxons.HeandhisFrench-speakingfollowerssetupastrongcentralgovernmentwhichbroughtanewunifieddisciplineandcontroltothecountry.II.Fillintheblanks.1.ThefullnameoftheUnitedKingdomis_____.【答案】theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。2.TheRomansfirstlandedinBritainintheyearof_____.【答案】55BC【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，罗马人最早进入英国是在公元前55年。4/10圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台3.TheScotsarewell-knownforbeing_____,_____,and_____.【答案】inventive,hardworking,serious-mindedandcautiouswithmoney.【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，苏格兰人享有擅于创造，吃苦耐劳，严肃认真，慎重对待金钱的美名。4.TwooftheWelshcharacteristicsare_____and_____.【答案】loveofmusic;poetry.【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，威尔士人的两大特点是爱好音乐和诗歌。5.PeoplebegantosettleinBritainabout_____yearsago.【答案】10,000【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，人们开始在英国居住是在约10000年前。6.NametwofamousScottishwriters:_____and_____;twoWelshwriters:_____and_____;twoIrishwriters:_____and_____.【答案】RobertBurns,SirWalterScott;RoaldDahl,DylanThomas;FercertóhUiginn,TomásóCobhthaigh.【解析】苏格兰著名作家有罗伯特·彭斯（RobertBurns）、沃尔特·斯科特爵士（SirWalterScott）；威尔士作家有罗尔德·达尔（RoaldDahl）、狄兰·托马斯（DylanThomas）；爱尔兰作家有FercertóhUiginn和TomásóCobhthaigh。5/10
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