填空－陈圣元 (1-2 errors, 5-6 minutes per section)
法则：答案会在原句中重复。
重复的基本规则：点对点：空格与中心词对应重复。
注意：最难的词永远在不需要阅读的部分，只关心空格与中心词的逻辑关系。 解题策略：1.分析句子结构 ? 2.定位中心词和确知逻辑关系 ? 3.选词。 读题策略：先读主干，再读分隔。分隔指主干之外的一切成分。 解题方法：分隔与粘连
一、分隔：重复信息出现在分隔成分和主干中。
分隔结构包括定语从句、同位语从句、分词结构、大的介词短语。 分隔结构通常是其前面空格的答案；
It has been argued that politics as ___, whatever its transcendental claims, has always been the systematic organization of common hatreds. (c)
(a)a theory (b)an ideal (c)a practice (d)a contest (e)an enigma Note: transcendental claims ?? a practice
或者分隔中具有空格，则应从分隔前的结构中找寻信息。
In a most impressive demonstration, Pavarotti sailed through Verdi’s “Celeste Aida”, normally a tenor’s ___, with the casual enthusiasm of a folk singer performing one of his favorite ___. (C) (a)pitfall..recitals (b)glory..chorals (c)nightmare..ballads (d)delight..chanteys (e)routine..composers
Note: a folk singer ? ballads
注意：1.无用分隔，分隔中或分隔前均无空格出现，不需阅读。
2.分隔结构出现在主从句中，则先跳过分隔，分析出真正的主从句关系。
二、粘连：重复信息出现在上下两句中，或是一个句子内部的直接、简单的重复。上下两句指用分号或冒号（及逗号）分开的两个完整的句子。句子内部的重复如指示代词和指代对象的重复。 ? 上下两句：
1.双重否定句型：It's wrong/ foolish/ presumptuous to say/ suggest that..
The struggle of the generation is one of the obvious constants of human affairs; therefore, it may be presumptuous to suggest that the rivalry batten young and old in western society during the current decade is ___ critical. (C)
(a)perennially (b)disturbingly (c)uniquely (d)archetypal (e)cautiously
Note: the struggle of generation -- constant ? the rivalry between young and old -- uniquely (= not constantly)
2.主动句变被动句型：A ? B; B ? by A.或 is the result/ outgrowth/ product of A.
An investigation that is __ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones; typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a research in a definite direction. (b)
(a)timely (b)unguided (c)consistent (d)uncomplicated (e)subjective Note: in a definite direction ?? unguided 3.比较句：
1)上下两次比较句：比较双方不产生变化，同义重复。to the same degree, as...as，matter neither more nor less than
Although scientists claim that the seemingly ___ language of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently ___. (d)
(a)ornamental..subtle (b)unidimensional..unintelligible (c)symbolic..complex (d)literal..allusive (e)subjective..metaphorical Note: figurative ?? literal
2)一次比较结构：比较双方构成反义重复。
In most native Amercian cultures, an article used in prayer or ritual is made with extraordinary attention to
and richness of details: it is decorated more ___ than a similar article intended for ___ use. (e)
(a)delicately..vocational (b)colorfully..festive (c)creatively..religious (d)subtly..commercial (e)lavishly..everyday
Note: article used in prayer and ritual ? article intended for everyday use 4.手段目的关系：by/ in term of...for/ by
1)选取词义的同义词或上义词。
Social tensions among adult faction can be ___ by politics, but adolescents and children have no such __ for resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adults.
(a)intensified..attitude (b)complicated..relief (c)frustrated..justification (d)adjusted..mechanism (e)revealed..opportunity
Note: resolving their conflict ? Social tensions can be adjusted 2)一次目的关系：手段动词与目的名词对应重复。
The natural balance between prey and predator is increasingly __ , most frequently by human intervention.
(a)celebrated (b)predicted (c)observed (d)disturbed (e)questioned Note: natural balance is __ by human intervenetion. 5.特殊并列句：两个从句同时担当句子的一个成分。
解题在两个并列从句里推理。
The poet W.H.Auden believed that the greatest poets of his age were almost necessarily irresponsible, that the possession of great gifts __ the __ to abuse them.
(a)negate..temptation (b)controls..resolution (c)engenders..propensity (d)tempers..proclivity (e)obviates..inclination
Note: the greatest poets of his age – the possession of great gifts; irresponsible – to abuse them. 6.时间对比型：时间相反，则对称成分相反；时间相同，则对称成分相应。 once, formerly, initial, pristine, erstwhile, hereto, hithero, now, future, begin, start, create, until, no longer
注意：no longer，修饰限定的对象是过去的动作和状态。 until强调之前之后的截然对比，即反义。
Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation to be a product of selection at the level of populations; recent studies of evolution, however, have found no __ this __ view of selection. (a)departures from..controversial (b)basis for..pervasive (c)bias toward..unchallenged (d)precursors of..innovative (e)criticism of..renowned Note: before about 1960 ?? recent studies ? 句子内部重复：
7.小连接：连词两端为对称的两个形容词、动词、副词或不定式结构。 小连接直接利用连词两端推理。
? 照应：句子中直接点明的重复手法，如人称代词，指示代词、定冠词。 选取重复部分的相同词。
? 主体词汇：一个句中起到题眼作用的词。
1)主体动词：continue, remain表递进；shift, oscillate, turn to, reconcile表反面转折 2)表人物身份的名词
3)描述人或事物性质或特征的词。
? 判断句，如“The minuet appeared simple”
? 词组：regard...as或view/consider/label/portray...as ? 物主代词加特征性格或特征动作，如“his intransigence” ? Of结构作后置定语，如“a critic of vanity”
阅读－杨继 (首遍阅读速度：长文章5分钟第一遍，短文章2分钟。)
一、文章的结构类型和主题句
主题句(Topic Sentence)：表达文章中心思想或关注对象。
1.结论说明型：开始结论，后面解释说明。 TS：文章开端处。 2.新老观点型：老观点(错) --> 新观点(对)。 TS：新观点提出处。 3.现象解释型：开始现象，后面解释。 TS：解释出现处。
4.问题回答型：开始给出问题(Question)、或困难(Difficult)或任务(Task)，后面解答。 TS：最终答案处。 5.特殊类型：前半属于通常题型，后半无关内容。 TS: 从前不从后，从大不从小。
TS提示点：
1.一段叙述后出现转折词。 2.设问及其回答。
3.大段举例之前的观点或大段举例之后的总结。
二、文章阅读原则及技巧
(一)原文阅读原则(三要素原则)：
1.判断文章的结构类型。
2.作者主要叙述对象(focus)。 3.作者对叙述对象的评价。
(二)原文的语言点：
1.转折连词
(1)简单转折连词：
1- nevertheless, nonetheless
2- in fact, indeed, virtually, actually, practically (2)重要的转折连词：
1- however，最常用，高度注意
2- but, yet，1.出现在段首，引出新观点；2.出现在一个理论和现象说完之后，引出新观点。 3- although，强调后半句。
(3)转折连词出现在一连串原因后，引出最重要的原因。 2.原因、结论：therefore, hence, thus, conclude 3.强对比关系
(1)简单明示对比：A, unlike B；C, in contrast to, is (2)时间状语强对比：出题点 (3)强对比变体
对比原文和含有强对比的具体细节题，如果原文，选项可能正确；否则错误。
1- 最高级：负面least，排序first，频率always, never，程度uttermost, foremost，范围all, none, any。 2- 惟一性词汇：only, sole, unique 4.人名，高度注意。 5.引号：
1- 引用表示focus。 2- 引号表示负评价。
6.小修饰词：seem, appear, probably, perhaps，弱化作者结论 7.限定性语气：表示作者有保留意见。
表示正确性的限定性修饰词：qualified(限定，保留), guarded, tempered, partially, tentative(权且)，reluctant(不完全)，critically
(三)阅读重点
1.文章结构，作者focus及态度、评价。
2.首段和各段首句，注意起承转合(顺接或转折关系)。 3.笔记：定位 TS，新观点，
判断句，虚拟语气，强对比，强转折，最高级，唯一性，比较级， 列举，
大写名词，时间，地点，人名。
三、典型题型
(一)主题题型：对文章的中心思想进行发问的题目。
1.main idea及primary purpose 解题思路：
(1)TS和选项对照，语气、内容相符。 (2)选项中态度描述应与原文一致。 (3)选项引导动词：
Presentation文章：present, describe, explain, illustrate, point out。不含主体动词的选项是错误的。 Argumentation文章：evaluate, criticize, refute, challenge, counter, correct。含主体动词的选项是正确的。
2.文章叙述对象focus
题干句型为 Which of the following best describes/summarizes the passage? ...the main content of the passage... ...the focus of the passage... 填出主动词的宾语 解题思路：
(1)TS关注什么，文章focus什么。
(2)结合文章结构层次(organization)分析。
主题题型注意事项： (1)把握主题；
相关推荐：
loading