英语教学法教程第二版(王蔷)1-5单元学习笔记

Unit1 Language and Language Learning

1.1 How do we learn language?（如何学习语言）

Much of human behavior is influenced by their experiences. The way language teachers teach in the classroom is to some extent influenced by the way they learned languages. 1.2 Views on language（学习观） Structural view 结构观 To learn a language means to learn these structural items so as to be able to understand and produce language. Functional view 功能观 The functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things. Therefore, learners learn a language in order to be able to do things with it. International 互动交The interactional view considers language to be view 互观 a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people. Therefore, learners not only need to know the grammar and vocabulary of the language but as importantly they need to know the rules for using them in a whole range of communicative contexts.

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1.3 Views on language learning and learning in general

Now, the research about language learning theories can be broadly divided into two parts. They are Process-oriented theories and Condition-oriented theories. Some researchers attempt to formulate teaching approaches directly from these theories. For example, the Natural Approach, Total physical Response, and the Silent Way are based on one or more dimensions of processes and conditions. Here are What is done in these processes. Behaviourist theory 行为主In this theory all Behavioural forms of psychologist Skinner (斯义理论 complex behavior-motions, habits, and such-are 金纳——行seen as composed of 为心理学家 simple muscular and ) glandular elements that can be observed and measured. Cognitive theory 认知语The term cognitivism is Noam 言学理often used loosely to Chomsky(诺论 describe which methods in 姆·乔姆斯基——美国哲students are asked to 学家) 2

think rather than simply repeat. Language is not a form of behavior, it is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this syetem. Constructivist theory 结构主The theory believes that John Dewey义理论 learning is a process in （约翰·杜威which the learner ——美国哲constructs meaning based 学家，教育on his/her own 家) experiences and what he/she already knows. Socio-constructivist 社会结The theory emphasizes Vygotsky( 维theory 构主义interaction 理论 and 果茨基/ 维engagement with the 果斯基——target language in a 前苏联心理social context base on the 学家) concept of ‘Zone of 3