电子机械高等专科学校
综述可持续污水处理技术
（污水处理中节能降耗）
摘要
随着人类生存环境的不断恶化和自然资源的日益减少。人类社会的可持续发展面临着严峻地挑战，这迫使人类必须重视自然环境的保护与利用,自然资源的合理开发与利用这样一个生死攸关的大问题。而在这个大问题中,水又是最重要的，因为水是生命的源泉。水在自然资源中是应用最普遍，分布最广泛，对人类最重要的自然资源。随着人类社会的发展，人类已经认识到，水不是取之不尽用之不竭的，水是有限的。而这有限的水，正遭到严重污染，这使本来就十分匮乏的水资源更加匮乏。
在我国，随着近几年全国各县级以上城市污水处理设施的不断上马，污水处理率也不断提高，而且在国家政策鼓励的作用下，今后几年里污水处理投资和建设规模还在加大，导致了各地的电力资源紧缺的矛盾日益突出。因此，研究污水处理厂的能耗管理和节能降耗措施，降低污水处理厂的运行总能耗，对我国的经济和社会发展具有重要的意义。
关键词：可持续发展，污水处理，节能降耗
I
电子机械高等专科学校
Abstract
With the worsening of the human living environment and natural resources are dwindling. The sustainable development of human society is facing serious challenges, which forced the human beings must attach importance to the protection and utilization of the natural environment, the rational development and utilization of natural resources, a matter of life and death. In this big problem, water is the most important, because water is the source of life. The water in the natural resources is the most common and most widely distributed and most important to human natural resources. With the development of human society, mankind has recognized that water is not inexhaustible, the water is limited. This is a limited amount of water is badly polluted, which makes the already scarce water resources more scarce.
In China, with constantly launched in recent years, the country above the county level of urban sewage treatment facilities, sewage treatment rate is also continuously improve the role of national policies to encourage, future sewage treatment in the few years of investment and construction scale is also added large, around the power scarcity of resources have become increasingly prominent. Therefore, sewage treatment plants, energy management and energy saving measures, reducing the total energy consumption of the operation of the sewage treatment plant, is of great significance for China's economic and social development.
Keywords: sustainable development, sewage treatment, energy saving
II
电子机械高等专科学校
目录
摘要........................................................................................................................ I Abstract ................................................................................................................. II 绪 论.................................................................................................................... 1 一 可持续发展的污水处理技术...................................................................... 2
1.1 污水处理技术....................................................................................... 2 1.2 可持续污水处理技术........................................................................... 2
1.2.1 可持续发展污水处理技术的需求............................................ 3 1.2.2 可持续发展污水处理准则........................................................ 4 1.2.3 可持续发展污水处理的观点.................................................... 4
二 污水处理中的节能降耗.............................................................................. 5
2.1 源头控制............................................................................................... 5 2.2 处理工艺能耗分析和节能降耗途径................................................... 6 2.3 污水处理节能降耗技术的分析........................................................... 8 2.4 其他方式的节能降耗........................................................................... 9 三 采用新型技术节能降耗............................................................................ 10
3.1 生物膜法............................................................................................. 10
3.1.1 生物膜法的主要特征.............................................................. 11 3.1.2 新型生物膜处理技术.............................................................. 11
3.1.2.1 移动床生物膜废水处理技术（MBBR） ................... 11 3.1.2.2 垂直折流多功能生化反应器污水处理技术（VTBR）.............................................................................................................. 13 3.1.3 小结.......................................................................................... 15 3.2 厌氧生物处理法................................................................................. 16
3.2.1 概述.......................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 厌氧生物处理技术的优点...................................................... 17 3.2.3 第一、二代废水厌氧生物处理技术...................................... 18
III
电子机械高等专科学校
3.2.3.1 第一代废水厌氧生物处理技术................................... 18 3.2.3.2 第二代废水厌氧生物处理技术................................... 20 3.2.4 第三代废水厌氧生物处理技术.............................................. 26
3.2.4.1 厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB） ................................ 26 3.2.4.2 内循环厌氧反应器（IC）........................................... 28 3.2.4.3 升流式厌氧污泥—滤层反应器（UBF） ................... 30
3.3 厌氧污泥法节能实例......................................................................... 31
3.3.1 华润雪花啤酒废水处理（AnaEG 反应器）........................ 31
3.3.1.1 污水水质特征............................................................... 32 3.3.1.2 改造后的处理工艺流程............................................... 32 3.3.1.3 AnaEG 反应器的特点................................................. 33 3.3.1.4 启动运行过程............................................................... 33 3.3.1.5 电耗............................................................................... 34 3.3.1.6 小结............................................................................... 35 3.3.2 河南某酒精厂酒精废水处理工程实例（IC反应器）......... 35
3.3.2.1 废水来源及水质........................................................... 35 3.3.2.2 工艺技术说明............................................................... 36 3.3.2.3 处理效果....................................................................... 37 3.3.2.4 工程效益....................................................................... 37 3.3.2.5 小结............................................................................... 38
3.4 结论..................................................................................................... 38 课题总结.............................................................................................................. 40
IV
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