UNIT 1 With Alzheimer's, you meet a lot of new people.
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. What factors may weaken one's memory?
(√) 2. Can you describe some possible advantages of having a poor memory?
(√) 3. What can you do to make sure all your relatives and friends are on the guest list for your
birthday party?
(√) 4. How do you ensure important phone numbers are always at your fingertips?
Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) The man is offering to pay.
B) The woman is offering to pay. C) The man paid last time. D) The woman paid last time. 2. A) Memorizing the words. B) Memorizing the texts. C) Learning the texts by heart. D) Reading the texts time and again. 3. A) He can't remember people by sight. B) He can't remember people by name. C) He has a terrible memory for football. D) He has a hard time recognizing names. 4. A) To remind the woman to lock the door when going out. B) To remind the woman to take her keys when going out. C) To remind guests to close the door after them. D) To prevent visitors from having an accident. 5. A) He set a difficult essay question. B) He found the history exam difficult. C) He has a good memory. D) His memory is declining. Word Tips
Kit:(运动队的)服装(a set of clothes and equipment that you use when playing a sport)
photographic memory:准确得惊人的记忆力(the ability to remember in exact detail of
something one has seen) Ⅲ. Listening In Task 1: Is your memory in good shape?
Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
While the man is wondering why the woman is suddenly ______, she says she read _____ on studying and remembering. It tells about ______ like \Visualization\that is, creating ______ in one's mind of ______. This reminds the man of the principle of \connecting what one wants to remember with something one is ______. Then the woman adds the principle of \When the man promises to study ______ hours a day, the woman recommends the principle of \the man that memory is like _______ and it needs ______. Word Tips
mental visualization: 头脑中形成图像、意象
association: 联想 (a feeling or memory that is connected with a particular place, event, word, etc.)
consolidation: 巩固，加强 (the act of making something strong and secure)
sieve: 筛子 (a wire tool for separating small objects from large objects)
Task 2: You forgot my toast!
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. The couple went to their doctor to have a complete physical checkup. A) T B) F
2. At first the wife asked the husband to get her only ice cream. A) T B) F
3. The husband refused to write a note, for he believed he could remember the toast.
A) T B) F
4. Finally, the husband brought the wife both ice cream and strawberries. A) T B) F
5. The wife blamed the husband for forgetting to bring her ice cream and strawberries.
A) T
B) F Word Tips
toast: 烤面包，吐司 (bread that has been heated and browned in a toaster or an oven)
check over:检查 (examine; inspect)
bacon: 咸肉，熏肉 (salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig, often served in narrow thin pieces)
Listen to the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Why did the husband refuse to write down the wife's instructions? _______________
2. When the husband brought the wife a plate of bacon and eggs, what was her reaction?
_______________
Task 3: Memory-Improving Techniques
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) Learning different things. B) Learning to dance. C) Learning to use a computer. D) Learning to play chess. 2. A) Noticing even a small object like a pen. B) Memorizing anything that catches your attention. C) Concentrating only on what is important. D) Both A) and B). 3. A) You can focus only on its color. B) You can focus on one of its characteristics. C) You can associate it with other objects. D) You can focus on its features.
4. A) You can stop breathing in for a minute and then breathe out.
B) You can stop breathing in for a short time, and then breathe out slowly.
C) You can breathe hard for ten seconds. D) You can hold your breath and count to ten. 5. A) The importance of stimulating one's memory. B) The relationship between stimulation and association. C) The importance of improving one's memory. D) Memory-developing skills. Word Tips
stimulate: 刺激；促进 (encourage an activity to begin or develop further)
memorize: 记住；熟记 (learn words, music, etc.)
characteristic: 特征，特性 (a quality or feature of something or somebody that is typical of them and easy to recognize) Listen to the passage again and answer the question. What are the four memory-developing techniques introduced in the passage?
______________ Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Describing Good and Poor Memory; Expressing Sympathy; Resuming Interrupted Speech
MODEL 1 It slipped my mind!
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Amy: I sent out the invitations to the dinner party. Bill: That's good. Now what should we do?
Amy: We've got to plan the menu. Bill: Oh, that's right. ______?
Amy: I think I'm going to make the chicken salad we had at the Christmas party. ______?
Bill: Yeah, but ______?
Amy: Linda? Oh, my gosh! ______! ______. She'll be mad at me.
Bill: Well, ______. It's not too late yet. I'll make a phone call. Don't worry.
Amy: Thanks! You see, ______. I think I'm getting old!
Bill: Looks like you are, sweetheart. Word Tips
chef: 厨师(a skilled cook who manages the kitchen) recipe:食谱，配方(a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A wants to have a party and asks B to suggest some guests. B names John, who has just lost his job and is feeling low. B then mentions Julia, who has just moved to the city. (B can add more.) A admits to being forgetful and thanks B. Useful Expressions Do you have anything in mind? Are you thinking about anything in particular? Remember I asked the chef for the recipe? Don't you remember I asked the chef for the recipe? ...did you forget that Linda doesn't eat chicken? Don't you remember Linda doesn't care for chicken?
I forgot to invite Linda! I forgot Linda. I should have invited her. It just slipped my mind. I just forgot it. ...everyone forgets something sometimes. Everyone forgets one thing or another from time to time. ...I'm getting forgetful. My memory is going/failing/fading. MODEL 2 I can't think of it off the top of my head.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Language and Culture Tip
off the top of one's head (informal) without taking time to think or prepare, oneself properly
John: Hey, Sue. ______?
Susan: ______. I don't have my address book on me, and I don't have my mobile phone with me, either.
John: That's too bad! I've got to find him now. It's urgent! If I can't find him today, I'll be dead!
Susan: You might want to look it up in the phone book. John: I've checked already, but it seems that his phone number is unlisted. Susan: Maybe it's under his roommate's name. John: Well, I guess so.
Susan: Well, _______? She has his phone number. John: I've tried, but no one answered! Susan: Maybe call his office and ask his secretary. John: I've already tried. She won't tell me. She says it's private. Susan: Oh, that's right. ______.
John: It's a pity. You usually ______, but you can't help today. What's wrong with you? Your memory seems to be fading early.
Susan: It's not that my memory is fading. ______, but ______. Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A wants to attend a lecture given by a visiting professor but cannot remember the time. A asks B for help. B doesn't remember, either, so B suggests looking at the notebooks and calling the dean or secretary of the department for information. Useful Expressions
Do you know what Jack's home phone number is? Do you know Jack's phone number? I can't think of it off the top of my head. I can't think of it off hand. ... why don't you call Jane? You might as well call Jane.
They usually don't release private information over the phone.
It is against the company's policy to give out someone's personal information on the phone to a stranger. ...have a powerful memory...
...have a(n) good/reliable/retentive/photographic/ unfailing memory... I do have a good memory for faces and names... I (can) remember faces and names well. ... a poor one for numbers and dates. I forget numbers and dates easily. MODEL 3 What's wrong with your memory?
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you
may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Bill: Hi, honey! My trip to London was wonderful. Amy: Tell me what thrilled you most. [The telephone rings and Bill answers it....He hangs up.] Bill: Er, ______? Amy: ______. Bill: Oh, yeah. Amy: I bet you had a great time.
Bill: Yes, I particularly enjoyed visiting the Tower of London. Amy: How did you get there? By bus or underground? Bill: _______....Sorry, ______. Amy: _______?
Bill: I hope it's not Alzheimer's disease. ______.
Amy: I don't think so. Perhaps _______. You'll be all right after a good sleep.
Bill: I hope so. But as this is happening so often recently, I think I must go to see a doctor and
get some pills.
Amy: It's not as serious as that. Anyway, I wish you had a good memory for happy events, and a bad one for unhappy things.Word Tip
Alzheimer's disease: 阿耳茨海默氏病，早老性痴呆病 (a condition in which a person's brain and body gradually stop working properly)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
You are telling your partner about your trip to Beijing when the door bell rings. After answering the door, you forget where you left off. With your partner's help, you continue to talk favorably about your Beijing trip. On the other hand you complain about the high admission fees at some historical and scenic sites. But when asked about the exact fees, you do not remember them.
Useful Expressions
...where was I? Where did I leave off? What was I saying? Let's back up.
You were talking about your tour in London. You were telling me about your trip to London. We got as far as your trip to London. Let me see. Let me think. Just a moment. ...I can't remember any more. My mind has gone blank.
I've forgotten it all.
What's wrong with your memory? What's the matter with your memory? Is there anything wrong with your memory? I don't want to forget my own name. I don't want to lose my memory (before long/too soon). ...it's just temporary forgetfulness. You only forget things momentarily. Your memory just isn't working for the time: being. Your memory is having a little time out. Questions for Discussion
1. Can you guess why some famous scientists and professors are forgetful in their daily life?
2. A computer has a memory far better than man's. But why can't the computer replace human
beings?
3. What is your earliest memory?
4. What did you have as a child that today's children do not have? Ⅴ. Let's Talk How to Improve Our Memory
Listen to the dialog and complete the table with the information you hear. Ways of Improving One's Memory: Creating images
Examples: To remember the items to buy at the grocery store such as ______
Examples: Images that may help:
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______
Ways of Improving One's Memory: Establishing associations Examples: To find your _______
Examples: Associations with the sound and touch that may help: 1. _______ 2. _______ Word Tip
carton: 硬纸盒，纸板箱 (a box or container usually made of paperboard)
Discussion
The following seven techniques are considered important in promoting a good memory. Select two of them, then work with a partner, and take turns giving examples to illustrate the techniques you've selected.
associating creating images developing an interest in the subject
reorganizing the facts into meaningful groups
slowing down in learning
intensive practice or repenting having breaks or rest Notes _____________ _____________ _____________ Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening
Task 1: The Role Memory Plays in Our Life
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) Factors related to memory development. B) The importance of food in memorization. C) The important role of a good memory. D) The misery caused by a poor memory. 2. A) They contain protein. B) They contain vitamins. C) They contain water. D) A full stomach leads to a good sleep. 3. A) Babies. B) Teens. C) Adults. D) Older people. 4. A) A weak memory. B) Confusion. C) Difficulty in thinking. D) All of the above. 5. A) Sleep can control the senses. B) Sleep promotes rest.
C) Sleep helps the brain to revise and store information. D) Sleep reduces tiredness. Word Tips
cereal: 谷类食物(如麦片等) (a breakfast food made from grain and usually eaten with milk)
synthesize: 合成 (make something by combining different things or substances)
Task 2: Where did the professor go?
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
This is a ______ story, which happened ______ friends of ours in a small town in South
Africa. They were a hospitable couple who often _______ their neighbors for drinks, tea or dinner. On this ______ spring night they had invited a _____ professor to supper. During the evening, it began to _____ with rain, and the heavens really _____. Because he had walked there, they offered to put him up for the night. They pointed out that _______. He agreed on the soundness of
that idea, thanked his hosts profusely, and the matter seemed to be settled. But while they were ______. No one could find him anywhere. Eventually, after about 40 minutes, the front door bell rang. There was the professor, soaked to the skin. When he was asked what on earth he had been doing in the rain, he replied that ______. Word Tips
profusely: 丰富地 (exhibiting great abundance) pajamas: 睡衣 (soft and loose clothes that you wear in bed) Task 3: How to Remember Names Listen to the passage and answer the questions.
1. According to the passage, what may happen after we hear a name on the phone?
______________
2. What does the speaker advise us to do to remember the name mentioned on the phone?
______________
3. What are the two things the speaker advises us to do to remember the name of somebody we meet in person? ______________
4. What does the speaker advise us to write on a card? ______________
5. According to the passage, how can we use a card to remember names? ______________ Word Tips
implant: 灌输 (strongly fix an idea, feeling, or way of behavior in someone's mind)
visualize: 设想；想像 (form a picture of someone or something in one's mind; imagine)
proficient: 精通 (well advanced in an art, occupation, or a branch of knowledge)
News Report
A Dolphin Exhibition
Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
A recent art exhibition in Florida honored the animal often seen as man's most ______ friend, the dolphin.
The \on Parade\exhibition in the Florida Keys featured life-sized decorated dolphin ______ made of wood and other materials. The dolphins were ______ at area businesses and along the beach. Sponsors paid U.S.$750 to ______ the artists' fee and the cost of materials.
There were more than 100 dolphin themes, _____ a beer-belly dolphin. They showed the work of _____ artists, as well as the beach _______ the Keys are famous for.
Probably the most _____ was special because of its artist, Pandora. Pandora the dolphin
______ is a real dolphin, at the Dolphin Research Center, in Marathon, Florida. The playful artist streaks colors across a dolphin painting, holding a brush in its ______.
The exhibition was held by the Monroe [Florida] Council of the Arts as part of a plan to make the Keys an international arts center. The paintings were to be auctioned off in March, with the money earned going to community art programs. Word Tips dolphin: 海豚
theme: 主题 (a subject of artistic representation) streak: 划条纹；划线 (mark with lines)
auction: 拍卖 (a public sale in which property or items of merchandise are sold to the highest bidder) Language and Culture Tips
Florida Keys the chain of smell islands running southwest from the U.S. Stale of Florida
area businesses businesses such as stores and hotels in the area Questions for Discussion
1. Search the Internet for information about dolphins, and give some examples to show the dolphin's good memory or high intelligence. Share your information with your partners.
2. On the basis of the news report you've seen and the following story, do you think a dolphin is
more intelligent than a monkey or a three-year-old child?
\and bring it to their trainer for a fish reward. One dolphin seemed to be getting more trash than the others. It was discovered that the dolphin had hidden trash and would tear a piece off for his reward, and then return and tear off another piece for another reward.\
UNIT 2 This is going to be a great semester!
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. What subject do you like best? What made you like it: your personal interests, the teacher, the practical applications of the course in future, etc.?
(√) 2. Do you think it is necessary for some Chinese children to do a lot of difficult math problems for the Olympic Math Competition?
(√) 3. What study habits seem to be common among successful students?
(√) 4. How to prevent students' cheating in examinations?
Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) English writing.
B) French writing. C) Marketing. D) Economics.
2. A) She wants to borrow his notes and advises him to attend the lecture. B) She wants to borrow his notes and advises him to attend the seminar.
C) She can lend him her notes right now and advises him to attend the lecture.
D) She can't lend him her notes right now and advises him to attend the seminar.
3. A) To study fashion designing.
B) To look at pretty girls. C) To review lessons for an exam. D) To collect material for a classroom presentation 4. A) Steven works hard, but Suzie does not. B) Suzie works hard, but Steven does not. C) Both work hard. D) Neither works hard. 5. A) The teaching is very practical. B) The teaching is highly theoretical. C) The teaching is given by famous Harvard professors only. D) The teaching is supported mainly by law cases. Word Tips
elective: 选修课 (a course of study that you choose to do, rather than one that you must do)
compulsory: 义务的，强制的 (that must be done because of a rule or law)
statistics: 统计学 (the science of using numbers to represent facts and to describe situations)
case: 事例，实例 (an example of a particular situation, problem, etc.) Language and Culture Tip pull one's weight make one's contributions Ⅲ. Listening In Task 1: On the First Day
Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Seeing that Jenny has bought ______ for the biology class, Harrison says nobody does much on _____ because it's still add-drop, which means students are ______ from class to class. Jenny knows the professor is ______, but Harrison warns her that the professor is good only if students are ______, for he expects ______.
After class, Jenny admits that ______ of what the professor said went _____, and Harrison ______ her that a lot of what the professor said is ______. When Jenny asks to borrow Harrison's ______, he says \problem\for they don't ______ until Wednesday. Finally, Harrison says ______ at the seminar is an important part of the education there. Task 2: Money for College
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. Robert was short of money because he had spent a lot on fun. A) T
B) F
2. Robert asked his mother for money, saying he had no more money for food.
A) T
B) F
3. The mother sent Robert two books and two checks. A) T B) F
4. The father was against sending Robert a lot of money, for they were poor. A) T B) F
5. The mother doubted whether her son could find the larger check, for she suspected that he would not read the calculus book. A) T B) F Word Tips calculus: 微积分
tape: 用胶带粘上 (stick something onto something else using tape) Listen to the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Why did the father object to sending Robert $1,100? ______________ 2. Where did the mother put the $1,000 check? ______________ Task 3: How to Get Straight A's
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) They won't eat snacks. B) They won't play computer games. C) They won't answer phone calls. D) They won't watch TV. 2. A) He worked out every day. B) To save time he did not even brush his teeth. C) He used his spare time to memorize new terms. D) He read actively and thought deeply. 3. A) Sitting up late. B) Getting up early. C) Reviewing immediately after class. D) Leaving a certain period of time everyday for studying. 4. A) One who asks many questions for full understanding. B) One who focuses on the most difficult parts of a book. C) One who reads extensively. D) One who reads fast and understands everything. 5. A) How do bottom students become top students? B) How to educate super-achievers. C) The strong and weak points of some top students.
D) Secrets of successful students. Word Tips straight A's: 全优的 (all A's)
super-achiever: 超级成功者 (one who achieves far more than others) priority: 优先考虑的事 (the thing that you think is most important and that needs attention before anything else)
intrusion: 干扰，侵扰 (an unwanted event or person in a situation that is private)
snack: 点心；小吃 (a small amount of food, eaten between meals) consistency: 连贯性，一致性 (the quality of always being the same or always being good)
Listen to the passage again and answer the question.
What are the four good qualities of super-achievers mentioned in the passage?
________________
Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Talking About Various Aspects of School Life; Making and Replying to Suggestions; Using Exaggerations
MODEL 1 You're just going to have to study hard.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Language and Culture Tips
up to my ears in homework fully occupied with homework; having a lot of homework to do
hit the books study hard
rub off on somebody give somebody an example to follow Nora: Only our first day back at school, and ______. Chris: Only our first day back at school, and ______. Nora: You're going to _____ if you want to keep your grades up.
Chris: ______! I already have two reports, two book reports, a composition, an oral report, and a research project—all due before midterms.
Nora: We could study together. Maybe some of my organized study habits would ______.
Chris: Better yet, maybe you could do my homework for me.
Nora: Forget it! That would be cheating.
Chris: All right, all right. I have yet to write a term paper. ______? You'd better give me the exact pages where I can find what I want. Nora: You could borrow ideas from those references, but ______.
Chris: ______. If you don't help me, I'll have to prepare some study sheets and hide them in my hand when I take the test.
Nora: Oh, no! If you're caught, the professor will definitely give you an F. _____. You're just going to have to study hard.
Chris: All right. I'll take your advice. The library is going to be my new home, and in the dorm ______.
Word Tips
plagiarize: 剽窃；抄袭 (use another person's idea or work and pretend that it is your own)
a study sheet: 作弊用的小纸片 (a piece of paper with information on it, prepared to allow cheating in an exam)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A worries about his/her term paper and a test and mentions ways of cheating (such as asking B to write a term paper for him/her, downloading articles from the Internet, preparing a cheat-sheet).
B promises to help but warns against any forms of cheating, and finally A promises to study hard. Useful Expressions ...already I feel like I've learned a lot. I feel I've learned a great deal. I feel as if I've learned a great deal. ...I already feel like I'm up to my ears in homework. I'm already up to my neck in (my) homework. I already have my hands full with assignments. ...have to hit the books... ...must do some serious studying/study hard... ...have to buckle down to work... Tell me about it! Tell me what to do. Give me some advice. ...rub off on you. ...give you a model/set an example for you. ...show you how to get ahead. Can you recommend any articles and books? Could you suggest some articles and books? Can you tell me where to look for information?
...if you quote without giving the sources, you're plagiarizing.
If you quote something without citing the sources, you'll be criticized/punished for plagiarism /you're plagiarizing.
If you copy straight from a text, show where it's from, or you'll be accused of plagiarism.
The quiz next week will be a headache.
I'm worried about the next quiz. Next week's quiz is killing me.
Probably, you'll have to repeat the year.
Maybe you'll have to repeat the grade. You'll probably have to do the year again. ...I'll be burning the midnight oil. I'll be sitting up/staying up late. I'll be working like a slave. MODEL 2 Which class do you prefer?
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Chris: First period is math with Mr. Woods. I don't know ______? Nora: I like Mr. Woods. He's interesting. Chris: He's boring! ______! Who do you have for economics? Nora: Mrs. Jenkins. ______. Students really learn a lot from her. Chris: ______! You have to work hard in her class, or you'll probably fail. Nora: ______!
Chris: Nonsense. _______. But not many students opt for his class. Nora: ______?
Chris: Often, the highest grade he gives on a term paper is a C+, and ______.
Nora: _______. Well, how about PE? What are you doing this semester?
Chris: That's the worst part. In PE, we're learning t'ai chi. ______. Nora: Ha-ha! _______ our class is playing your favorite sport: basketball. Chris: Oh... _______! This is going to be a terrible semester. Nora: This is going to be a great semester! Word Tip
opt: 选择 (choose one thing or one course of action instead of another) Language and Culture Tips rub salt into the wound make things worse That figures. That's to be expected./Just as I thought.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the information in the following table, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary. A
History class/teacher: finds it/her boring Economics class/teacher: likes it/him English teacher: finds her kind B
History class/teacher: finds it/her interesting Economics class/teacher: finds him tough English teacher: _______ Useful Expressions ...how am I ever going to stay awake? How can I manage to keep awake?
How am I ever going to keep my eyes open?
He could put the entire basketball team to sleep—during the championship game!
The whole audience would surely fall asleep during his lecture. If you want to sleep soundly for an hour, take his class. She's smart. She's clever. She's intelligent. She's tough! She's difficult (to deal with). She's strict. No pain, no gain! Nothing worthwhile is won without effort. If at first you don't succeed, try again. You could have learned even more with Mr. Sharp. Mr. Sharp would have taught you more. With Mr. Sharp you'll be sure to learn more. What's wrong with him? What's the matter with him? Why not?
...he usually fails half of the students. He regularly flunks half the class. Normally, only half of the students can pass his exam. No wonder he's got the nickname Mr. Shark. It's not surprising that he is nicknamed Mr. Shark. They don't call him Mr. Shark for nothing. I'm bored to death. I'm extremely bored. I'm suffering from terminal boredom. Not to rub salt into the wound, but... This is going to hurt/I don't mean to hurt you, but... Not to make things worse, but... ...that figures! That's to be expected. Just as I thought (it was/it would be). MODEL 3 Publish or perish!
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Chris: Tell us, Professor Grant, _______?
Professor Grant: Well, _______. It's tough being an associate professor. It's publish or perish.
Chris: So, you spend a lot of time in your office?
Professor Grant: Yes, but I also have to prepare class notes, give lectures, hold office hours.
______.
Chris: With all those responsibilities, _______.
Professor Grant: I wish. Actually, I spend a lot of time ______. Then I can offer assistantships and scholarships to the worthy graduate students who can help me with my research project.
Chris: I see why they call you \
professor Grant: Actually, I think you were in one of my classes... Chris: Um... _______, Professor Grant! Professor Grant: No, I remember very clearly now! _______!
Chris: Sorry, I have too much work to do for the Student Union Newsletter, and _______.
Professor Grant: _______.
Word Tips
perish: 灭亡 (die, especially in a terrible or sudden way)
grant: 研究经费 (an amount of money given by the government or an organization for a special purpose, such as research or study)
assistantship: 助教职位；给助教的津贴 (the position or money for a teaching assistant)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create an interview with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
You are a reporter for the Student Union newspaper and ask a Canadian visiting professor a number of questions, including questions about the professor's research, research funds, undergraduate teaching, graduate students, etc. Finally you thank the professor for the interview.
Useful Expressions ...what are your primary duties as a professor?
As a professor, what are your main responsibilities? What are your important obligations as a professor? ...I do a lot of research and writing. I do a lot of research and writing in my field.
Research and writing play a large part in my career. Teaching is an important part of being a professor. For a professor, teaching is important. Teaching is one of a professor's principal tasks. ...you must make a lot of money. You must earn lots of money. You must be well paid. ...applying for grants to fund my research.
...applying for grants to support my research projects. ...asking for/looking for grants to support my research.
...being a professor sounds pretty competitive. It's certainly competitive to be a professor. It seems the competition among professors must be keen. ...I think you're mistaken... I'm afraid you're wrong. Oh no, that's not so. You owe me an essay!
You haven't handed in/passed in/sent in your term paper. You haven't fulfilled the term-paper requirement. I have to work two jobs to pay for school. I have to do two spare-time jobs to support/fund my studies. I've taken on two part-time jobs to earn enough to stay in school. So you get an F in this course. So you should get an F for the course. So I have to fail you in the course. Questions for Discussion
1. Is there any class that impresses you deeply? If so, tell us about it.
2. Do you think the courses you are following will be useful in your future career?
3. Have you ever skipped a class? Why?
4. What do you think are the qualities of a good teacher? Ⅴ. Let's Talk Problems with Our Educational System
Listen to the passage and complete the table with the information you hear.
Problems: Educators just want ______. They only focus on ______ but neglect ______.
Results: Kids ______.
Problems: Educators often exert ______ on students to be _______. Results: Some intelligent kids ______. Problems: \ Results: Their grades _______. Word Tips
well-rounded: 多方面发展的 (good in many aspects) optimal: 最佳的，最适宜的 (the best or most suitable) Debate
Many Chinese children are learning English early. A and B have different opinions, positive and negative, on this issue. Create a dialog based on the following possible pros and cons, and add arguments as you like. Pros:
1. Children often learn a foreign language faster than adults. 2. At a later age one can hardly acquire the correct pronunciation. 3. An English examination is required for entry into some good schools. 4. Learning a foreign language may promote development of mental abilities (memory, attention span, etc.)
Cons:
1. Children learn pronunciation better than adults, but adults learn vocabulary and grammar faster.
2. If children learn English in a wrong way, it'll be harmful to their future studies.
3. By spending too much time on English, children may lag behind in other subjects like Chinese and math.
4. Too much time for studying and little time for playing may be harmful to children's moral and physical development. Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening Task 1: Harvard University
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) The past and present size of Harvard University. B) The development of Harvard University. C) Some important presidents of Harvard University. D) The religious influence on Harvard University. 2. A) 1. B) 10. C) 9. D) 18.
3. A) It was not influenced by any religion. B) It was heavily influenced by one religious group. C) It was not dominated by a single religious group. D) It was devoted only to religion. 4. A) Increasing the professors' pay. B) Increasing financial aid to students. C) Improving the facilities. D) Promoting the university's research.
5. A) He tried to identify some of Harvard's main intellectual priorities. B) He paid attention to the quality of the undergraduate teaching. C) He allowed students with limited finances to enter the university, D) All of the above. Word Tips
faculty: 全体教师 (all the teachers in a university or department) affiliate: 附属于 (be officially connected with a larger organization or group)
fund-raising: 集资；募捐 (money raising, fund collecting)
professorship: 教授职位 (the position of a professor) coordination: 协调 (the process of organizing people in order to make them work together effectively)
era: 时代 (a long period of time in history that is different in some way from other periods)
Language and Culture Tips
Pilgrim (1620年到达美洲的)清教徒前辈移民(a member of the group of English people who
sailed on the \to America, where they formed Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts in 1620)
Puritan 清教徒(16世纪和17世纪基督教一教派成员，主张简化宗教仪式) (a member of a strict English religious group of the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted to make religion simpler. Many Puritans moved to America in the 17th century.) Task 2: The Final Exam
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
At a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry ______. They were doing so
well on all the ______, midterms, labs, etc. that each had an \so far for the ______.
These four friends were so ______ that on the weekend before finals, they decided to go up
to the University of Virginia and ______ with some friends there. They had a great time, but after all the ______ partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn't ______ it back to school until early Monday morning.
Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, _______. As a result, they missed the final. The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor _______.
They looked at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. \easy.\
Word Tips
sophomore: 大学二年级学生 (a second-year student in a high school or college)
elated: 兴高采烈的 (extremely happy and excited)
Task 3: Applying for a Place in an American University Listen to the passage and answer the questions.
1. What do international students often underestimate when applying for admission to a college or university in the United States? ________________
2. How can students find the institution or program that will best serve their academic or professional goals? ________________
3. What role may university websites and other academic Internet sites play?
________________
4. In spite of the advantages provided by the websites, what three major things do students still need to do? ________________
5. Why did some students who scored high on TOEFL and GRE fail to be admitted?
________________ Word Tips
transcript: 成绩单 (document that has a list of a student's classes and their results)
GRE:(美国) 研究生入学考试 (Graduate Record Examinations)
News Report Prince William in Chile
Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
What goes into a prince's education today? For Britain's Prince William, nature played an important ______ in his education this last winter, as the future ______ went on a 10-week expedition in Chile with Raleigh International.
The ______ was a very different one for the prince. He kayaked in ocean fjords, tracked a rare deer, and was stranded on a beach during a ______.
He also got used to sleeping on the ______ — at times in a room filled with 16 other people — and living in ______.
Those who took part, called \______ wooden walkways and buildings, and taught English to schoolchildren.
He was described by other volunteers as ______, humble, and laid-back. As one said, \
struck a really good ______ between working hard and having fun... getting on with everyone, and taking on the _______ spirit.\
The prince said he liked being treated as an \_____ of life. Around 20 percent were from ______ backgrounds, some having had troubles with drugs or crime. It seems that there's a lot more to education than universities and books, and that the Chilean forests and a little ______ with regular people may do a lot for a British prince.
Word Tips
Chile: 智利 (南美洲西南部国家)
expedition: 远征；考察 (a journey undertaken by a group of people with a definite objective)
kayak: 划爱斯基摩划子航行 (paddle a canoe or small boat used by Eskimos)
fjords: 峡湾 (a long strip of sea between steep hills)
be stranded: 搁浅 (be left on the shore and unable to return to the sea)
laid-back: 自在的，悠闲的 (having a relaxed or casual atmosphere or character)
Language and Culture Tips
Raleigh International an organization that encourages people from all backgrounds and nationalities to explore their full potential through working together to benefit the environment and local communities around the world strike a balance find a sensible middle point; compromise Questions for Discussion
1. Besides learning from textbooks at school, what can we learn outside school in our daily life?
2. Which seems to be more important to you: school education or what you learn in the real world?
UNIT 3 Single parent, double trouble!
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. What do you think are the things that contribute to a successful marriage?
(√) 2. Why do people get divorced? Can you guess some of the reasons?
(√) 3. What do you think of the lives of single mothers?
(√) 4. What is your view of the fact that the wife's housekeeping duties remain the same even when she works outside? What could be the solution? Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) She wants to have a new family.
B) She wants new friends. C) She doesn't want the family to break up. D) She thinks Dad and Mom had better separate. 2. A) The manager sent flowers to celebrate the couple's anniversary. B) The manager sent the couple flowers to express his gratitude. C) What the wife likes best is the rose. D) What the husband likes best is the room and the service. 3. A) In a school. B) In a kitchen. C) In a garden. D) In a grocery store. 4. A) The mother is a good teacher. B) The father will have an important meeting. C) The boy's parents have divorced. D) The boy has a girlfriend now. 5. A) Only the Internet will bring you the mate you want. B) Your best chance of finding true love is through the Internet. C) One should never use the Internet to find a husband. D) Many women would be happy to be rid of their husbands. Word Tips
scramble: 炒蛋 (mix the white and yellow parts of an egg and cook it) oven: 烤箱 (a piece of equipment that food is cooked inside, shaped like a metal box with a door on the front) Ⅲ. Listening In Task 1: Reasons for a Divorce
Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
After _______ years of marriage, the woman wants to ______, claiming that he is ______. When asked for the specific grounds for divorce, she gives these reasons: First, he keeps _____, and the family has had to ______ four times in thirteen years, but she wants ______ for her children and ______. Second, although he is paying ______, they just live around the ______. Her children ______ by other children for not dressing in good clothes. Also, they have to live in a small ______ and drive an ______, though it still ______. Worse still, the husband her, though she admits she also yells at him and ______. As for the divorce arrangements, the woman will give the husband only _______ instead of joint custody. Moreover, the woman will demand ______ and ______. Word Tips
ground: 理由 (usually plural)(a reason, especially one that makes you think that something is true or correct)
stability: 稳定 (the state of being steady and unlikely to change) tease: 取笑；戏弄 (make jokes and laugh at someone in order to make fun)
joint custody: 共同的监护权 (an arrangement in which divorced parents both have
responsibility for looking after a child and both give the child a home for some of the time)
visitation: 探视 (the right of a divorced parent to visit children who live with the other parent)
Language and Culture Tip
fulfill one's duty do the thing one is supposed or expected to do because of one's job or position in society Task 2: What four-letter words?
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. Dorothy's husband treated her badly. A) T B) F
2. Dorothy did not get married until she was in her 30s. A) T B) F
3. Dorothy enjoyed the honeymoon from the beginning to the very end. A) T B) F
4. Dorothy cried because her husband swore at her. A) T B) F
5. Dorothy wanted her mother to take her home. A) T B) F Word Tips
four-letter word: 粗俗下流的词 (a word that is considered very rude a and offensive)
sob: 哽咽 (cry noisily while breathing in short bursts)
iron: 用熨斗熨 (make clothes smooth using an iron) Listen to the passage again and answer the questions. 1. What four-letter words did the husband use? _____________
2. Why did Dorothy want her mother to take her home? _____________ Task 3: A Woman Who Chose Not to Remarry
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) Her husband was thinking about leaving her. B) Monica wanted to take her children away. C) She would become a single parent. D) All of the above. 2. A) The two daughters liked to stay alone. B) Seven-year-old Joanna could not bear being left alone. C) The five-year-old daughter would vomit after each meal. D) The two daughters were in low moods. 3. A) Remarriages seldom collapse in the end. B) Children are harmed in their parents' remarriages. C) Children and parents get on well in blended families. D) Children in single-parent families are more emotionally healthy.
4. A) Children in blended families feel much better than in single-parent families.
B) Children in blended families feel no better than in single-parent families.
C) Children in blended families feel much worse than in single-parent families.
D) Children in both blended families and single-parent families take drugs.
5. A) She might have sold drugs.
B) She might have killed herself. C) She might have left home. D) She might have remained single all her life. Word Tips
vomit: 呕吐 (bring up food and drink from one's stomach through one's mouth)
psychological: 心理的 (related to the way that people's minds work and the way that affects
their behavior) blended: 混合的 (mixed) suicide: 自杀 (the act of killing oneself) Listen to the passage again and answer the question. What conclusion did the speaker come to in the end?
_______________ Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Talking About Marriage and Family Life; Making Comparison; Expressing Disagreement
MODEL 1 Is youth wasted on the young?
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Amy: I'd like to talk to you, so stop what you're doing for a minute. Bill: ______? _______ for tomorrow's meeting. Amy: Well, you're always pretty busy, and ______. Bill: Yes, ______, but they've been good years. Amy: I know, but I want to have a baby—I want us to have a baby. Bill: ______. ______, we said we'd wait until we could afford it. Amy: But _______. Anyway, it's long enough. Bill: ______.
Amy: ______? We would wait forever if we waited for the \old to enjoy having a baby.
Bill: You know, ______. This report can wait. I'll do it tomorrow morning. Let's open a bottle of wine and enjoy ourselves.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the given situation, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
Almost four years after the marriage the wife is pregnant, but she does not want the child, knowing that she will lose her job if she leaves it for more than two weeks. The husband, however, is eager to be a father. He argues that after a few more years, they will be even busier and a baby borne by a woman in her 30s may not be physically and intellectually very healthy. Moreover, he promises to redouble his efforts to make both ends meet. Useful Expressions
What is it, Amy? I'm having a hectic time working on this report... What for? I'm pretty busy working on these reports. ...it's been more than five years, almost six, since we were married. It's over five years since we got married. ...time has gone so fast... Time has passed so quickly. I know you do. But remember... I know you want a baby, but be sure to remember... ...five years is a long time to wait. Five years are long enough. I'm this close to getting a promotion. I'll be promoted very soon. What has that got to do with it? Does that have anything to do with having a baby?
...you have a great point. You're quite right.
MODEL 2 So many people in the United States get divorced!
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Kim: Hi Amy. Amy: Hi! Look at this headline, Kim. Kim: Wow! ______!
Amy: But this is not uncommon in the West. In some places, ______. Kim: It seems strange to me that ______, if not at first sight; but they also leave each other quickly. Amy: ______?
Kim: I don't think so. In my country, ______, ______. Amy: ______?
Kim: ______. Not many people get married before the age of 20. Amy: Hmm. ______? Kim: No, ______. But more women work now. Word Tip
headline: (新闻) 标题 (the title of a newspaper article)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary. Divorce Rate A (an Asian): fairly low B (a Westerner): quite high Time of Marriage A (an Asian): often late B (a Westerner): often early Wives A (an Asian): usually working B (a Westerner): some working; some staying at home Useful Expressions
So many people in the United States get divorced! So many American couples are divorced/have broken up. ...the divorce rate can be as high as 50 percent. The divorce rate is high, about 50 percent. ...Westerners fall head over heels in love quickly... Westerners fall deeply in love with each other rapidly. Is it the same in your country? Is it also the case with your country?
...some marriages break up, but most couples stay together.
Some marriages fail, but many are successful. Do people get married young? Do people marry early? Not really. That's not true.
Do women usually work after they get married? Do women usually go to work after marriage? ...a lot of women stay home to take care of their families. Many women stay home to look after their families.
MODEL 3 Why not have both our parents here for Christmas?
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions.
Amy: You know, Christmas is coming. And ______ — he always has such great stories to tell.
Bill: I know we went to my folks' last year, but ______. This might be her last Christmas.
Amy: She's been ill, but _______. You just don't like my mother. That's why you don't want to
go to my parents. Bill: She's never liked me. _______.
Amy: Well, you're not... But ______, ______. She's just got a thick skin and likes to hide her feelings. Bill: I don't think so.
Amy: Why not have both our families here for Christmas? Bill: That would make twenty-two of us if we invited everybody. Amy: ______?
Bill: ______. Just don't sit me next to your mother. Word Tip
folk: 家人，亲属 (someone's parents and family) Language and Culture Tip
She's just got a thick skin. This sentence does not mean \has no sense of shame\in the dialog. Instead, it indicates that \care what her son-in-law says or if she does not communicate with him well.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the given situation, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A young couple are discussing whose parents they shall have dinner with on the Eve of the Spring Festival—an occasion for family reunions. The wife wants to be with her parents because one of them is sick, while the husband objects that they already had the dinner with her parents last year. Finally they decide to invite both parents to a restaurant near them and visit them on the Spring Festival Day.
Useful Expressions ...I haven't seen Dad for ages... I haven't seen Dad for a long time. I haven't met Dad for an age. ...my Mom's been pretty sick. My Mom's been quite ill. ...don't exaggerate. Don't overstate it. Don't overdo it. Never thought I was good enough for you. She never thought I was good enough for you. She didn't think I was the match for you.
...seriously, Mom's not so bad. Honestly, Mom's not too bad. Why not just have both our parents here for Christmas? Why don't we just invite both our parents here for Christmas? We may/might as well ask both our parents to come for Christmas. Good idea. Sounds a good idea. That certainly makes sense. Questions for Discussion
1. What are the qualities that you think are important in a spouse? Explain.
2. What is the best way to keep one's spouse happy in the marriage? Explain.
3. Some people think getting married means giving up freedom. Do you agree? Give your
reasons.
4. Why are nuclear families popular in contemporary societies?
5. What are the problems that one-child policy may bring to our society? Does your family have such problems? Ⅴ. Let's Talk A Man Who Remarried
Listen to the passage and complete the table with the information you hear. Changes in the Speaker's Attitude to Remarriage: For two years after my divorce, remarriage was ______. Reasons or Detailed Descriptions: 1. High rate of ______. 2. Remarriage would affect my son. ① He drew ______.
② My parents ______ and I hoped my son ______. ③ My primary focus was ______, not ______.
Changes in the Speaker's Attitude to Remarriage: I ignored my son's suggestion that ______.
Reasons or Detailed Descriptions: He grew up and became conscious of ______.
Changes in the Speaker's Attitude to Remarriage: I reconsidered ______ and began to ______.
Reasons or Detailed Descriptions: The second time he ______.
Changes in the Speaker's Attitude to Remarriage: I was concerned about ______.
Reasons or Detailed Descriptions: At first his affection for her was ______: his hug was ______;
but several months later he ______.
Changes in the Speaker's Attitude to Remarriage: I asked Maria to ______ and she ______.
Reasons or Detailed Descriptions: Seeing the time was ______. Changes in the Speaker's Attitude to Remarriage: Our family of two became ______.
Reasons or Detailed Descriptions: I believe my remarriage was ______.
Word Tips
affection: 慈爱，感情 (a gentle feeling of love and caring)
lukewarm: 不热心的，冷淡的 (not showing much interest or excitement)
hug: 拥抱 (put your arms around someone to show your love and friendship)
mechanical: 机械的；呆板的 (done without thinking or feeling)
ripe: (时机) 成熟的 (suitable for a particular action) Debate
Remarriage is becoming common in today's society. A and B have different opinions, positive and negative, on this issue. Create a dialog based on the following possible pros and cons, and add arguments as you like. Cons: · A high rate of remarriage failures. · It's harder to adapt oneself to a new partner as one becomes older. · Each compares his/her new spouse's weak points with his/her former spouse's strong points.
· Children are unwilling to accept a new mother/father. Pros: · Some remarriages are very successful. (Give examples.) · An adult has psychological and physical needs. · Sometimes the new spouse is obviously better than the former one. · It's good for the children's growth. Notes _______________ _______________ _______________ Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening
Task 1: Early Marriage
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) 18. B) 19. C) 20. D) 21. 2. A) She wants another girl. B) She wants a son. C) She wants to teach at a vocational school. D) She wants to learn skills to earn wages. 3. A) They are facing pressure from both their relatives and the society. B) Their parents also had babies early. C) Most of their in-laws had babies before 18. D) They believe young mothers' babies are healthier. 4. A) They bear a baby too early. B) They bear babies too frequently. C) They give birth to too many babies. D) All of the above. 5. A) The bitter life of a young mother. B) The advantages and disadvantages of early marriage. C) Problems of early marriage. D) The earlier the marriage, the better. Word Tips
vocational: 职业的 (preparing for a particular job)
exceptional: 例外的 (unusual and not likely to happen or exist very often)
motherhood: 母亲身份 (the state of being a mother)
in-laws: 姻亲 (relatives by marriage)
pregnancy: 怀孕 (the condition of having a baby developing inside a woman's body)
Task 2: Nuclear Family Living Patterns
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
A nuclear family is ____ in higly-industiralized societies. Beginning in the early 20th century,
the two-parent family _____ as the nuclear family was the predominant American family type. _____ children live with their parents until they go away to a college or university, or until they _____ their own jobs and move into their own ______ or home.
In the early mid-20th century, the father typically was the ______ wage earner, and the mother was the children's ______ care giver. Today, often both parents hold jobs ______. Increasingly, one of the parents has a non-standard shift; that is, a shift that does not start in the morning and end in the late afternoon. In these families, one of the parents manages the children while the other works.
Prior to school, ______. In recent years, many private companies and home-based day care
centers have sprung up to fulfill this need. Increasingly, ______. Word Tips
predominant: 占主导地位的 (the most common or greatest in number or amount)
dual-earner family: 双职工家庭 (a double-income couple)
shift: 轮班；班 (the period of work time) prior: 在之前 (before) day care center: 幼儿园 (nursery) Task 3: They are coming for Christmas. Listen to the passage and answer the questions. 1. What news does the man tell his son on the phone? ______________
2. What are the reasons the father gives for the divorce? ______________
3. What does the son do after receiving his father's call? ______________ 4. What will the daughter and son do? Why? ______________ 5. How does the father feel in the end? Why? ______________ Word Tips
misery: 痛苦，苦难 (great suffering or discomfort) frantic: 紧张忙乱的 (done in a very urgent way)
heck: 表达恼怒、惊异的感叹语 (exclamation to show annoyance or surprise)
Language and Culture Tip
heave a sigh breathe out noisily and slowly once, because you are pleased or disappointed
News Report More Precious Than the Diamond
Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
People have long known the saying \are a girl's best friend.\But this may be changing. There's a new ______ on the gem market, tanzanite, and it is giving diamonds some serious ______.
Tanzanite was one of a number of gems discovered in East Africa in the 1960s. The new colors and ______ changed the gem market. But the real gem among these stones was tanzanite, _______ in 1967 in Tanzania. The stone was named ______ its country of origin by New York's Tiffany and Co., which _______ it to the world. It draws one's attention quickly with its colors — blue, purple or bronze, depending on the direction it is ______ from.
More important for its value, though, is its rarity. Tanzanite has been found in only one small area, near Mount Kilimanjaro, in Tanzania. And its ______ will probably be fully mined in the next two decades. As one mining official ______ it, \first place. It did occur. And only this one deposit on this entire ______ that is known... makes it more than a thousand times ______ than diamonds. And certainly within the next 15 to 20 years,
there will be no more tanzanite to be mined.\The current value of the tanzanite market, at U.S.$ 10 billion, is _______ to that of diamonds. And so another saying \may _____ some of its meaning. Word Tips
gem: 珠宝；宝石 (a pearl or mineral that has been cut and polished for use as an ornament)
tanzanite: 坦桑黝帘石(产于坦桑尼亚北部) Tanzania: 坦桑尼亚(东非国家) bronze: 青铜色的
rarity: 稀有 (the quality or state of being rare; infrequency of occurrence)
mine: 采矿 (dig in the ground for coal, ores, etc.)
deposit: 沉积物；矿物(a layer of matter in the earth that has accumulated naturally)
Language and Culture Tip
Tiffany and Co. a world-famous store that sells high quality and very expensive items such as jewelry, crystal, and china Questions for Discussion
1. Why do many people choose diamonds for their wedding rings?
2. Why do people, especially girls like diamonds or other jewelry? What do you think of those who wear imitation jewels to both look attractive and save money for more useful purposes?
UNIT 4 The devil finds work for idle hands.
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. What do you think people will choose: a low-paid job one likes, or a boring well-paid job?
(√) 2. Do you think one's character is important in finding a job? Why or why not?
(√) 3. What courses are useful for one's job?
(√) 4. What questions do you think are often asked in an interview? Why are they asked?
Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) A newspaper story.
B) A situational dialog. C) A job vacancy. D) The Internet service. 2. A) She has good qualifications for the job.
B) She is faced with many challenges. C) She is a skilled worker. D) She is quick to learn. 3. A) A resume should not be too long. B) A long resume tends to impress the employer. C) One's work experience should be listed in chronological order. D) One's last education entry should be listed last. 4. A) Because the company respects her. B) Because the company guarantees her career success. C) Because of the company's good reputation and products. D) Because of the high salary the company offers. 5. A) To become at least an assistant manager. B) To become a senior manager or higher. C) To stay at the bottom rung of the social ladder. D) To make the senior manager feel miserable. Word Tips
vacancy: 空缺 (a job that is available for someone to start doing)
chronological: 按时间顺序排列的 (arranged according to when things happened or were made)
rung: 等级，地位 (a particular level or position in an organization or system)
Ⅲ. Listening In
Task 1: Tell me about yourself.
Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
The woman went from Guilin City to the east ______ city of Qingdao to attend college. She ______ the latter's dynamic economy. Now she is being interviewed for a job. She says she once worked as an intern for a small ______ to maintain the company's ties with the _______ customers and try to find new _______ sources. There she learned the importance of ______. She has realized that book ______ is indeed necessary, but it is equally essential to persuade ______ to trust her. Her former employer said her ability to ______ was an asset to the company. He appreciated her loyalty and ______. The interviewer finds her mature for ______ and very goal-oriented. And she believes that she has acquired many good qualities from ______, but still has a lot _____. Word Tips
dynamic: 有活力的 (full of energy and new ideas, and determined to succeed)
intern: 实习生 (someone who works in a job in order to get experience)
asset: 资产；有价值的人或事物 (something or someone that is useful because they help you succeed or deal with problems) goal-oriented: 有目标的 (determined to reach a goal) Task 2: A Work Qualification Test
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. The American's qualifications were slightly better than those of the Irishman.
A) T B) F
2. The personnel manager gave the American and Irishman the same test. A) T B) F
3. The manager chose the American instead of Murphy. A) T B) F
4. Murphy correctly answered nine questions, while the American only eight.
A) T
B) F
5. Murphy was angry because he believed one wrong answer was not better than the other.
A) T
B) F Word Tips
Dublin: 都柏林 (the capital of Ireland)
by coincidence: 巧合 (a situation in which separate things happen by chance, at the same time, or in the same way)
bewilder: 使迷惑，使不知所措 (confuse someone) indignant: 愤慨的；不平的 (angry because of an unfair situation) Listen to the passage again and answer the questions. 1. On what grounds did the manager make his decision? _____________
2. Why did the manager consider the American's wrong answer better than Murphy's wrong answer? _____________ Task 3: A Guide to a Successful Job Interview
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) How to exchange views with the interviewer. B) How to handle a difficult job situation. C) Getting prepared for questions at a job interview. D) What questions to put to the interviewer. 2. A) What makes you perfect for the job. B) How the company can benefit from you. C) How you can beat all other competitors. D) How you would deal with the position. 3. A) Your past and present. B) Your present and future. C) Your past and future. D) All of the above. 4. A) I don't have any. B) I have one.
C) Let me think. D) I do have some.
5. A) You are especially good at dealing with customers. B) You are especially good at learning customers' needs. C) You should praise the job advertisement. D) You should relate your strengths to the job requirements. Word Tip
customize: (按顾客要求) 定制 (make or change something according to the buyer's or user's desires or needs)
Listen to the passage again and answer the question. What four sample questions does the speaker mention? ______________ Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Handling Resumes and Preparing for Job Interviews; Giving Advice; Describing Requirements
MODEL 1 Can you give me some tips about how to get a good job?
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Susan: John, ______? John: ______ and meet with companies?
Susan: Yeah, I did. But they didn't seem to be interested in women. ______.
John: I'm afraid it won't be much help. ______?
Susan: I've been checking the want ads every day for a week, but ______. And the few that I have seen are very low-paying. John: Then try the Internet. ______.
Susan: Good thinking! Thanks! I think I'll look for something in electronic engineering.
John: Hey, ______ at a company called E-Tech. It could be just the sort of thing you're looking
for. Susan: Great, ______.
John: Yeah, but ______, the deadline is this afternoon.
Susan: This afternoon? Oh no! I'd better get online quickly and see if I can ______.
John: ______, ______? You'd better include your work experience from the IT company last
summer.
Susan: Don't worry. It's all set. Thanks, mate. John: Any time. Sue. Word Tips job fair: 劳务市场 (job market) sue: 起诉 (take legal action against someone) want ad: 招聘广告 (job advertisement) update: 更新 (add the most recent information to something) IT: 信息技术 (information technology)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A, a computer major, needs help in landing a job because the IT industry has been shrinking owing to the economic recession. A has asked his/her friends and relatives for job information, but in vain. B suggests some ways to find a possible job, such as going to job fairs, reading newspaper want ads, and searching the Internet, etc. Useful Expressions
...can you give me some tips about how to get a good job? Could you give me some advice on how to find a good job? Please tell me where to look for a decent job. Did you go to the job fairs... Did you go to/visit the job market? Have you tried job fairs yet? I thought about suing them for sexual discrimination.
I was thinking about taking legal action against them for sexual discrimination.
I thought about taking them to court for sexual discrimination.
Have you looked at the want ads in the newspaper? Did you check the newspaper want ads? The newspaper want ads might be worth taking a look at. ...I can't find anything interesting that I'm qualified for. I can't find anything good that I'm qualified for.
There isn't anything satisfactory I have qualifications for.
You can use a search engine to find a job site related to your field. You might as well search the Internet for useful job sites. A search engine will take you to the job sites you want.
...I just saw a job opening... I just found a job available. Hey, what about this job? ...I'll try my luck there. I'll take a chance on that. I'll give it a shot. ...if I remember,... As far as I (can) remember,... If I'm not mistaken,... ...submit my resume by E-mail. ...send in my resume via E-mail. ...fire off my e-mail resume. Wait, have you updated your resume? Just a moment. Have you updated your curriculum vitae (c.v.)?
Hold it! Is your resume up to date? MODEL 2 Do you have any tips for a successful interview?
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Susan: John, _______? John: Well, first of all, _______. Susan: Oh. What about during the interview?
John: OK, _______ and answer all questions politely and directly. ______, ______.
Susan: I'm not sure what kind of questions they'll ask.
John: They'll probably want to know a little about your work experience. ______. They don't want to spend time and money on training. Susan: Fortunately, ______ during the last summer holiday. John: They may also want to know something about your character. You see, ______.
Susan: What kind of questions should I ask them?
John: You should ask them about the job requirements and about the company.
Susan: _______?
John: Better not. ______. Just use the first interview to sell yourself. Susan: You're right. If they are interested in hiring me, _______. John: Right. And the more interested they are, the more they'll offer. Word Tip
fringe benefit: 补贴，福利 (an additional service or advantage given with a job besides wages)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
Before A goes to an interview, B advises A to pay attention to his/her appearance (hair and dress) and manner (polite but firm). B also advises A to tell about his/her work experience in a law firm and his/her character (logical reasoning and honesty), to ask about the job requirements, and to learn the usual salary for a new hand before answering the interviewer's question about the salary he/she expects. Useful Expressions
...do you have any tips for a successful interview? Can you give me some advice on success in/at an interview? ...you need to dress professionally. Dress appropriately. ...be sure to maintain good eye contact... You should make good eye contact. Don't look too shy, nor should you sound too aggressive. You should look neither too timid nor too aggressive.
Many companies don't want a completely green hand. Companies usually don't want an entirely new hand.
...I gained some experience at an IT company... I've got some experience at an information technology company. ...ability for teamwork is usually valued. The ability to work as part of a team is highly regarded. Should I ask about salary and fringe benefits? Should I ask them what salary and benefits they offer? Not unless they bring it up. Don't ask before they bring up the issue/question. ...there will be plenty of chances to talk about money later. There'll be lots of opportunities for you to talk about salary later on. MODEL 3 Our best bet is to recruit from the competition.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Language and Culture Tips
start from scratch begin doing a job or activity completely from the beginning
pin somebody down make someone give clear details or make a definite decision about something
Helen: ______, so we don't have the expertise to compete. Bill: Then ______.
Helen: We need managers who know how to be strong, yet know how to ______.
Bill: That's essential, especially in the computer industry. Often ______.
Helen: ______ for our company. Bill: Um... ______.
Helen: I remember your friend David Miller is the CEO of a management recruitment agency. I hope ______.
Bill: Certainly. And it's a good time, too. ______.
Helen: Good. So lots of capable people out there are interested in bigger and better things. But ______? Bill: Sure, Helen! _______. Word Tips
expertise: 专门技能；专门知识 (special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training)
CEO: 首席执行官 (chief executive officer; the person with the most authority in a large company)
recruitment: 招收，招聘 (the process of adding new individuals to an organization)
downsize: 减员，裁员 (reduce the number of people in order to reduce cost)
headhunter: 猎头 (someone who finds people with the right skills or experience to do a
particular job)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A is interning at a head-hunting company. Now a client B from an advertising company is coming to A to look for a female public relations manager, who should possess the following qualities:
* good leadership (being strong and at the same time giving employees enough freedom)
* good interpersonal skills
* a wide network of business connections Useful Expressions Our company is starting from scratch... Our firm is starting from the beginning. Our company is only newly launched. ...our best bet is to recruit from the competition. The best chance for us is to poach employees from competing companies. What we'll have to do is to lure employees away from similar competing businesses. ...give employees their freedom. ...allow people freedom. ...give full play to employees' initiative. ...computer experts like to work on their own. Computer experts like to work independently. Computer specialists like to work by themselves.
We also don't believe that a rigid management system will work wonders...
Also, we don't think a strict management system will produce/create/work miracles.
We feel creativity is discouraged when management keeps a tight rein on staff.
...that philosophy will help you attract many worthwhile people. That policy will help recruit good people. That guiding principle can bring in competent/capable people. ...he'll help us start a recruitment drive. He'll help launch a recruitment campaign. He'll help us recruit employees. A number of firms have been downsizing. Some firms are cutting staff.
Some companies are cutting/laying off redundant/surplus employees. ...can David help us pin them down?
Could David help us sign them up? Can David help us to bring them on board? That's why they call them headhunters. After all, they are called headhunters. That's what head-hunting is all about. Questions for Discussion
1. What job would you like to do? Give reasons for your choice. 2. What jobs do you want to avoid? Why?
3. What extracurricular activities have you had? Do you think they will help you land a job?
4. What information should be included in a resume?
5. If you can't get a job after dozens of interviews, what are you going to do?
Ⅴ. Let's Talk
What to Do to Prepare for Job Interviews
Listen to the passage and complete the table with the information you hear. Tip 1
Things to Do: 1. Do some research on _______. 2. Make a list of ______ that would be valuable to them. More Details: Find out what products it makes, _______, and _______. Tip 2
Things to Do: Take care over your ______.
More Details: (1) Dress right. Don't wear ______; ______ are more important than the latest fashion.
(2) Feel comfortable. Being worried about your appearance during the interview will make you ______ and you will quickly _______. Tip 3
Things to Do: Work out what to ______.
More Details: (1) Prepare a copy of your resume, originals and copies of ______, ______, and samples of ______.
(2) Make sure everything is _______. Word Tips
CV: 简历 (curriculum vitae; a short written document giving details about your education and past employment, used when you are looking for a job) flashy: 俗艳的 (very bright and colorful, usually in a way that looks ugly)
sift through: 筛选；细审 (examine information or document carefully in order to find out about
something or decide what is important) Discussion
The following factors are considered important for a job interviewee. Select three factors that you think are the most important and talk about them with your partner. punctuality appearance manners education
foreign language proficiency and computer skills
interning experience and skills
character willingness to assume responsibilities and to participate in activities
Notes _______________ _______________ _______________ Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening
Task 1: Do you know how to write a resume?
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) Because it is considered more important than the interview. B) Because it is just as important as the interview.
C) Because it leaves a first impression and you have only one chance to do so.
D) It leaves a first impression and you have just two chances.
2. A) Because employers may not have time to read everything.
B) Because employers often believe that unimportant details may harm their ability to make sound judgment.
C) Because from the important points, employers can get an idea of your work experience.
D) Because from your important education entries employers can guess what skills you have.
3. A) At the beginning. B) In the middle. C) At the end. D) Any place. 4. A) One. B) Two. C) Three. D) The more, the better. 5. A) Interview skills. B) Resume tips.
C) Why highlight the most important information in a CV? D) The first impression is the most important. Word Tips
concise: 简明的 (short and clear, without unnecessary words)
cover letter: 附信 (covering letter; a letter sent with other documents to explain more fully or provide more information)
correspond: 符合 (be in conformity or agreement with something) Task 2: Two Essential Factors in an Interview
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
When applying for a job, especially a job you really want, it's not unusual to feel _____ and
anxious. Sometimes it's this anxiety, not our ______, that keeps us from obtaining our dream job.
So you must overcome your nervousness and build up confidence. This often _____ two factors: one mental and the other ______. Mentally, it's important to prepare yourself for the interview without obsessing over it. Remember, it might be your _____ job, but it won't be the end of the world if you don't get it. Tell yourself that the company would be lucky to get you; and if they choose someone else, it will be their ______. In ______, you need to build your self-confidence. _____. Now that you are mentally ready for any question that might be thrown your way, it's time to work on your physical presentation. ______. It's always a good idea to wear a suit; it doesn't have to be a designer suit, but something plain and conservative. Do not dress too informally. For example, don't wear a red fashionable jacket for your interview. Make sure, too, that it is clean and pressed. This may seem like common sense, but you'd be surprised how careless some applicants are. While ______, make sure that your nails are well-manicured, and your hair is styled carefully and neatly. Word Tips
obsess: 一心想着 (be fully occupied with) designer suit: 设计名家的服装 (a suit with the mark of a famous designer)
beauty salon: 美容院 (also called beauty parlor or beauty shop; an establishment or department where hairdressing, facials, and manicures are done) manicure: 修指甲 (cut and polish the nails) Task 3: An Interview That Upsets the Boss Listen to the passage and answer the questions. 1. What happened to John in the terrible accident? ______________
2. Why did he set out to hire someone who could run the business? ______________ 3. Why did John throw out the first interviewee? ______________
4. How did the third interviewee answer John's question? ______________
5. How did the last interviewee figure out John was wearing contact lenses?
______________ Word Tips
disfigure: 损毁外貌 (spoil the beauty that something naturally has) toss: 投掷 (throw)
contact lens: 隐形眼镜 (a small piece of plastic you put on your eye to help you see clearly)
observant: 善于观察的 (good or quick at noticing things) News Report A Galaxy of Film Prize Winners
Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
The European Film Awards—First Holly-wood, then Cannes, and now Paris?
The European Film Awards ______ was held in Paris in early December, ______ the best in European and world films.
Lars von Trier's Dancer in the Dark was the _______ of the evening, receiving awards for the best European film and best actress — Bjork.
The audience was ______, however, as neither von Trier, Bjork, nor the Oscar-winning Italian director Roberto Benigni ______ to accept awards. Still, other prize winners did come. The Irish actor Richard Harris, who was given an award for ______ achievement, gave a humorous thank-you speech that was the ______ of the evening. ...
Another internationally ______ actor, Jean Reno, also gave an enthusiastic thank-you speech. The French actor received an award for European achievement in world cinema, for his international film ______. Other VIPs from around Europe also ______. But most of the prizes at the ceremony, which people have been ______ \
There was one international film award, which went to a French-Hong Kong co-production,
Wong Kar-wai's In the Mood for Love. Word Tips
galaxy: 一群有才气或显赫的人或物 (an assembly of brilliant, glamorous, or distinguished persons or things)
Cannes: (法国)戛纳 (a city of southeast France on the Mediterranean Sea near Nice. It is a fashionable resort and the site of an annual international film festival.)
Oscar: 奥斯卡金像奖 (any of the golden statuettes awarded annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievement in movies) VIP: 贵宾 (very important person) Questions for Discussion 1. What is your favorite film? Why do you like it?
2. A number of Chinese directors won international awards. Describe one of their award-winning films and tell your partner why you think it can hit the prize.
UNIT 5 These are businesses for the brave.
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. Do you want to be a boss who is starting a company or an employee with a high salary?
(√) 2. What kind of boss would you like to work for: one who is inefficient but kind, or one who is efficient but very strict with employees?
(√) 3. Why do some people think sports clothes and shoes provide a good business opportunity? What age groups do you think the business people should target? Why?
(√) 4. If you wanted to start a business, which factors would you consider: your education and ability, your money, or the market? Why? Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) He will ask the woman to show the guarantee.
B) He will adjust the camera lens to see if it is all right. C) He will give the woman another camera.
D) He will charge the woman for the repairs because she damaged the camera.
2. A) He usually offers the best prices.
B) He needs the customer's detailed requirements. C) He will soon tell the woman the prices. D) All of the above. 3. A) Shipping is included in the price. B) Shipping is not included in the price. C) Shipping is shared by the seller and the buyer. D) Shipping is unnecessary as the customer picks up the goods herself.4. A) It got lost. B) It was delivered too late. C) It contains the customer's complaints. D) It contains a business secret. 5. A) The company's continuous bad service.
B) Lack of communication between the saleswoman and a new customer.
C) Problems in the exchange of information and ideas.
D) Lack of punctuality. Word Tips warranty: 保证书；保修单 (a written promise that a company makes to replace or fix a product if it breaks or does not work properly)
focus: 调(照相机的) 焦距 (change the position of the lens on a camera to have a clear image)
replacement: 替换的人或物 (someone or something that replaces another person or thing)
upgrade: 升级 (improve something and make it more modern, especially in order to provide a
better service)
laptop: 手提式电脑 (a small computer that you can carry with you)
spec: 规格 (a detailed instruction about how a building, car, piece of equipment, etc. should be made)
quote: 报价 (the price offered to a customer) invoice: 发票 (a list of goods with their cost for payment) Language and Culture Tip
straighten out settle a difficult situation by dealing with the things that are causing problems
Ⅲ. Listening In
Task 1: Attending a Business Reception
Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Chris and Nora are going to a ______. Chris is eager to start _____ new clients. As the party ends at two, he intends to have all those brochures ______ by one-thirty. But Nora disagrees, saying that those brochures will make him look like ______. She advises him just to hand out ______ and leave his work ______. But Chris wonders how he can get anything out of this if he can't ______. To this, Nora insists that he should just get ______ for a card. Chris catches on quickly and knows that he can hand out _______ now and ________ on Monday. Finally, Nora suggests ______ so that they can cover ______. Chris feels it will be a ______ and promises to meet her back there at two. Word Tip
catch on: 理解；明白 (begin to understand or realize something) Language and Culture Tips
I can't wait to get some of my own leads. I'm eager to make contact with new clients.
clue someone in give someone information about something
split up divide into groups Task 2: Too Clever to Be Wise
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. Neither of the Scottish accountant's parents was an accountant. A) T B) F
2. If anybody fell on the worn step, the accountant would be legally responsible.
A) T
B) F
3. The stonemason promised to repair the step if he received 20 pounds. A) T B) F
4. The stonemason thought it was a big job to turn the step over. A) T B) F
5. The stonemason finished the job as required in just a quarter of an hour. A) T B) F Word Tips
accountant: 会计师 (someone whose job is to keep and check financial accounts)
marble: 大理石 (a type of hard white rock)
dip: 低洼处 (a place where the surface of something goes down suddenly, then goes up again)
wear and tear: 磨损 (the amount of damage caused to furniture, cars, equipments, etc. when they are used for a long period of time)
stonemason: 石匠 (someone whose job is cutting stones into pieces to be used in buildings)
stun: 使震惊 (surprise or upset someone greatly) Listen to the passage again and answer the questions.
1. Why had the marble step in front of the building developed a big, deep dip in it?
______________
2. What did the accountant's ancestor do? ______________ Task 3: Where to Start Your Business
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) Economy—the most important factor in starting a business. B) Integration with the community for business success. C) How to start a company. D) How to find a good business location. 2. A) Convenient transportation. B) Low operating costs. C) A place that is building up. D) Local people who are friendly. 3. A) Retiring before you own a dream business. B) Integrating with local businesses.
C) Choosing an economically inactive place because of the low costs. D) Being too close to the local community. 4. A) Whether you should set up a company in a certain place. B) Whether the local employees are demanding. C) Whether the local employees are those you need. D) None of the above. 5. A) Visit the City Council. B) Praise the Business Association. C) Join the local organizations. D) Donate to the Chamber of Commerce. Word Tips
indicator: 指示物 (a sign which shows in which way a situation is changing)
pool: 备用人员 (a group who are available to work together when needed)
Chamber of Commerce: 商会 (an organization of businessmen in a given area)
Listen to the passage again and answer the question.
What are the three factors the speaker finds important in deciding on a business location?
______________
Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Talking About Business Activities; Expressing Certainty; Expressing Reservation
MODEL 1 I am having cash problems.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions.
Bill: Helen, you started this company only a year ago. ______, I'm afraid you need to do something about cash flow.
Helen: Bill, although you've worked here only for a couple of months, ______. I am having cash problems.
Bill: Clearly you don't have the money you need to buy the equipment to be competitive. ______. Helen: I think ______.
Bill: I don't think that's possible. It seems to me you don't have the collateral for a loan.
Helen: What can I do then?
Bill: Try the Small Business Association. _______. Helen: So, even though I don't have much collateral, ______? Bill: _______.
Helen: That would really help me ______. I just need to get some time to get the revenues up.
Bill: Apply for the small-business loan, and ______! Word Tips
collateral: 抵押品 (property that one agrees to give to a bank if one fails to pay back the money one has borrowed)
underwrite: 负担费用 (support an activity, business plan, etc. with money)
overhead: 企业的经常性支出 money spent regularly to keep a business operating
revenue: 国家的收入；税收 (money that a company, organization or government receives from people) Language and Culture Tips
cash flow the movement of money coming into a business as income and going out as wages, materials, etc.
know something inside out know something completely keep one's fingers crossed wish for good luck
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A, the boss of a company, is short of funds and wants to secure a bank loan. B, A's consultant, objects that the interest rates are high. Instead, he suggests turning to a business incubator (企业孵化器) for help, which offers a package of services like consulting, training, and more importantly, venture capital (风险资本). Useful Expressions If you want it to grow... If you want the company to expand...
If the company is to develop... ...you already know this company inside out. You already know this company very well. You are quite familiar with this company now.
You have just barely enough funds to cover your day-to-day operational expenses.
You have scarcely enough capital to pay your overhead.
You have hardly enough money to pay the daily business costs. ...my best bet is to secure a small-business loan. The big thing for me is to get a small-business loan. The only way out is to borrow money as a small business. They help underwrite loans for small businesses. They guarantee/insure loans for small companies. They assume the risks for loans to small businesses.
...I can still qualify for a loan? I'm still qualified for a loan? I can still borrow money? Under this special program, possibly. According to this program, it is possible. With this program, you might get a loan. ...cover our overhead. ...pay the regular business expenses. ...pay the day-to-day operating costs. ...keep your fingers crossed! ...wish yourself good luck. ...hope for the best. MODEL 2 I have some very bad news.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions.
Helen: Bill, ______, but I was rejected everywhere. Now I'm afraid I have some very bad news.
Bill: What is it?
Helen: Well, ______ for quite a long time now. Bill: I know ______ for the past few months.
Helen: Exactly. After a long discussion with my partners, I've come to the conclusion that the best course of action is to file for bankruptcy.
Bill: What? Bankruptcy? I didn't know you were in this kind of serious financial trouble.
Helen: Sales have been low all year long. Now two of our leading competitors are discussing a
merger. Then ______. I feel the situation is going to go from bad to worse. We simply can't afford to keep our doors open for long. Bill: When do you plan to ______? Helen: Early next week.
Bill: ______ will we be able to offer them? Helen: Unfortunately, the best we can do is offer one month's salary. Bill: Oh! How terrible! OK, I'll contact Vivitek and see if ______. Word Tips
in the red: 有赤字 (owing more money than one has)
file: 申请 (give a document to a court or other organization so that it can be officially recorded and dealt with)
bankruptcy: 破产 (the state of being unable to pay the debts)
merger: 合并 (the act of joining together of two or more companies to form a larger one)
severance package: 解雇费 (money paid to a dismissed employee)
acquire: 兼并，购得 (buy or obtain something)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A wants to declare bankruptcy because his company's products do not sell well. B disagrees and suggests finding a merger partner by introducing the company's strengths such as skilled workers and fairly good equipment. But A still prefers to file for bankruptcy and give the employees a severance package. Useful Expressions ...I've been searching for a loan... I've been applying for a loan.
...the company has been experiencing serious financial difficulties... The company is having big financial problems. ...we've been operating in the red... The company has been operating/running at a loss. ...we'll have to face even stiffer competition. We'll have keener/tougher/more fierce competition. ...make the announcement to tell all the employees? ...announce it to all the employees? What kind of severance package... What will the employees get when they're let go? ...they are interested in acquiring our company. ...they want to buy our company. MODEL 3 We've been looking for a merger partner.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions.
Bill: I hear that Vivitek has been considering acquiring a CD manufacturer for some time.
Jessica: That's quite true. What's on your mind?
Bill: My boss Helen thinks that our company would be a good match for Vivitek. And ______.
Jessica: _______?
Bill: ______. The quality of our products is first-rate, and ______. What's more, Vivitek can propel us to even greater heights. It will be an all-around excellent match. Jessica: I think it might be, though we have yet to discuss details. Bill: As a matter of fact, _______.
Jessica: Well, we of course need to come up with a plan that is attractive for both parties.
Bill: True, but my boss has to _______.
Jessica: _______. Bill: Yes, we don't want to disappoint them. Jessica: Then let's talk about specifics. Word Tips
outlet: 销售点 (a shop company through which products are sold) propel: 推进 (push something forward) bid: 投标 (an offer to pay a particular price for something) shareholder: 股民 (someone who owns shares in a business) specifics: 详细情况；细节 (particular details that must be decided exactly)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A is the boss of a software development company. A has first-rate programmers, and one of A's software products is a hit; however, A does not have a good sales network. So A wants to merge with B and believes it will be a win-win result.
B, the boss of a larger company, is considering acquiring a software company, but is cautious and asks A's reasons for wanting a merger. B wants to discuss the specifics and protect the interests of the shareholders of both sides. Useful Expressions ...we have been looking for a merger partner. We've been searching for a good match to merge with. Our goal is to find a good partner for a merger. Are you sure your operation has much to bring to the table? Are you sure your business/company can make a real contribution (to the merger)?
Are you certain/confident your company has much to attract a partner?
Definitely. Certainly/Sure/Of course. Absolutely.
...we have many reliable sales outlets. We have an extensive sales network. Our sales network is large and dependable. ...we've already received a few attractive bids.
Many companies have submitted attractive bids. Several firms have been courting us. ...keep our shareholders' interests in mind. ...remember our shareholders' interest(s). ...protect the stockholders' benefits. It's reasonable to keep your employees' welfare in mind. It makes sense to bear in mind your employees' welfare. It goes without saying you should remember your employees' welfare. Questions for Discussion
1. If you were a boss, what kind of employees would you choose first: those who are professionally proficient or those who are loyal to the company? Why?
2. Do you think a good interior decoration (室内装修) of the office will help obtain a good business opportunity? Why?
3. If someone wants to start a company that offers a \it will be a hot business opportunity? Why? What kind of difficulty he or she will encounter?
4. Search on the Internet to find out the development of e-commerce in the West and in China,
and tell your classmates about it. Ⅴ. Let's Talk A Business Meeting
Listen to the dialog and complete the table with the information you hear. Results of the Survey: Age Groups
Results of the Survey: The two most active age groups in sporting activities are ______ and ______.
Results of the Survey: Sporting Activities
Results of the Survey: The sports those two groups like are in the order of: ______, ______, ______, ______, ______. Results of the Survey: Gender
Results of the Survey: In the 18-26 year-old group, men ______. In the other ______ groups, women ______.
Decisions Based on the Survey: Targeting Decisions Based on the Survey: The ______ age group Decisions Based on the Survey: Expanding
Decisions Based on the Survey: The line of athletic shoes, particularly ______
Decisions Based on the Survey: Not neglecting
Decisions Based on the Survey: The ______ age group, because they are becoming ______.
Word Tips
break down: 分类 (separate something into parts to make it easier to do or understand)
administer: 发出 (hand out; give)
compile: 汇编 (put together; collect or accumulate)
cite: 引用；引证 (mention something as an example) recreational: 娱乐的 (an activity that you do for pleasure or amusement)
slogan: 口号 (a brief attention-getting phrase used in advertising or promotion)
iron out: 解决 (resolve or work out a solution) Discussion
Suppose you and your partner are interns at a company and are asked to conduct a survey of the market for these products: clothes, sports shoes, and computers. The potential buyers are broken down by age, gender, income and occupation.
Before doing the survey, you may guess the sales potential in each case and discuss them with your partner. You don't have to exhaust every case. Age (old/middle-aged/young) Clothes: ______ Sports shoes: ______ Computers: ______ Gender (male/female) Clothes: ______ Sports shoes: ______ Computers: ______ Income (high/middle/low) Clothes: ______ Sports shoes: ______ Computers: ______ Occupations Clothes: ______ Sports shoes: ______ Computers: ______ Notes ______________ ______________ ______________ Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening Task 1: Hot Business Ideas
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) Studying wooden products. B) Paying attention to the raw material. C) Adding value to an existing product. D) Attaching importance to any additional process. 2. A) Adding value to the current products. B) Cutting the price of the product. C) Adding service to the product. D) Improving the service. 3. A) It is an example to show how to catch mice.
B) It is an example to show how to improve a product. C) The speaker wants to show that no flimsy material should be used.
D) The speaker wants to show that it is more profitable than the hula hoop.
4. A) Most products and services can be improved. B) Few products and services can be improved. C) Most products can be improved, but few services can be improved. D) Few products can be improved, but most services can be improved. 5. A) The importance of adding value to the existing products. B) How to launch a business. C) Why should we find good business ideas? D) How can we find good business ideas? Word Tips
mousetrap: 鼠夹 (a device for catching mice)
entrepreneur: 企业家 (someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks) hula hoop: 呼啦圈 (a plastic hoop that is twirled around the body) hula-hooper: 玩呼啦圈的人 (one who plays hula hoop) flimsy:易损坏的 (of inferior materials and workmanship) brainstorm: 集体讨论想出办法；献计献策 (put forward as many ideas as possible)
Task 2: What do you know about business?
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Historically, the term business referred to activities or ______. By extension, the word
became, as recently as the 18th century, synonymous with \______ commercial enterprise\When referring to activities, the terms business and _______ sometimes appear interchangeable. Thus a fisherman might say either that he is in the \that he works in the \industry\which _____ somewhat formal. The word \may serve as an ______ of both \
People establish businesses in order to ______ economic activities. With some _____, such as nonprofit organizations and institutions of the government, businesses exist to produce profit. In other words, ______.
One can classify businesses in many different ways. ______. They offer intangible products and typically have different, usually smaller, capital requirements than manufacturers. Distributors need smaller funds than manufacturers.
_______. Some common types include partnerships, corporations, also called limited liability companies, and sole ownerships. Word Tips
synonymous: 同义的 (having a similar meaning) interchangeable: 可互换的 (capable of being interchanged)
colloquial: 口语的 (of or relating to conversation) intangible: 摸不着的 (abstract or hard to define or measure) specify: 具体说明 (name or state explicitly or in detail)
partnership: 合伙人关系 (the state of being a partner) sole ownership: 独自拥有；独资 (ownership by a single party) Task 3: An office boy or a billionaire? Listen to the passage and answer the questions.
1. What did the human resources manager say when he refused the jobless man a job?
_______________
2. What did the jobless man do after buying a crate of tomatoes? And how successful was he that day? _______________
3. How did the man gradually develop his business in the next five years? _______________
4. What did the man do after becoming a big food retailer? _______________
5. What did the man think an email address could bring him? _______________ Word Tips
crate: 板条箱 (an open box used for transporting or storing things) retailer: 零售商 (a person or business that sells goods to customers in a shop)
broker: 经纪人 (an agent who negotiates contracts of purchase and sale)
News Report
A Historic Settlement Between the Law and Business Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Bill Gates, Microsoft Chairman:
We hope that when the state attorney generals have fully _____ the settlement, they will also agree that it's the right way ______. Litigation is never a good thing for any _____ or any company. We have said for some time that we would go the extra mile to ______ this case. That is exactly what we did in _____ this settlement.
The experience of the past three years has had a profound _____ on me personally and on our company. We are in a fast-moving, ______ industry, but we will focus more on how our actions ______ other companies. John Ashcroft, U.S. Attorney General:
Today we are ______ a strong, historic settlement reached by the Department of Justice and the Microsoft Corporation that will ______ to Microsoft's unlawful conduct, bring effective relief to the _____, and ensure that consumers will have more _____ in meeting their needs of computing and working with their computers.
This settlement is the right result for consumers and for businesses, the right result for the _____, and the right result for government. It provides prompt, effective, certain relief for consumers and ______ the uncertainty in the computer market, a ______ in today's economy.
Word Tips
settlement: 协议；安排 (an arrangement, adjustment, or other understanding reached, as in financial or business proceedings)
attorney general: 首席检察官；司法部长 (the head of the U.S. Department of Justice and a member of the President's cabinet)
litigation: 诉讼；起诉 (carry on a legal contest by judicial process) Department of Justice: (美)司法部 prompt: 迅速的；即时的 (immediate or quick) Language and Culture Tip
a settlement by the Department of Justice and Microsoft The Justice Department and a group of state attorneys general asked a federal court to split Microsoft into two separate companies, a move that could avoid monopoly and encourage competition in the software industry.
Questions for Discussion
1. If a company is very large and monopolizes (垄断) the market, what harm can it bring? And what can be done to solve the problem?
2. If two companies have a dispute, should they settle it in court or out of court? Give your reasons.
UNIT 6 Here is a darker side of society.
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. Why do you think some people smoke? What are the disadvantages of smoking?
(√) 2. What do you think can be done to improve older people's lives if their children do not
live with them?
(√) 3. Why do some people become alcoholics? How can they solve their drinking problems?
(√) 4. What should be done to help unemployed people? Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) He loves the woman so much that he does not want to smoke again.
B) He is willing to be a slave to the woman who forbids him to smoke. C) He was scared by some ads. D) He wants clean teeth. 2. A) They may fire gunshots. B) They may put a letter into your letterbox. C) They may throw firecrackers at people. D) Both B) and C). 3. A) Catch the thief. B) Put his money in a safer pocket. C) Put his money in the back pocket. D) Leave the wallet at home.
4. A) The man dislikes them while the woman sympathizes with them. B) The woman dislikes them while the man sympathizes with them. C) Both the man and the woman dislike them. D) Both the man and the woman sympathize with them. 5. A) Borrow 3,000 dollars from the bank. B) Spend 3,000 dollars on furniture. C) Make a copy of his credit card. D) Cancel his credit card. Word Tips
nicotine: 尼古丁 (a substance in tobacco which makes it difficult for people to stop smoking)
stain: 弄脏，污染 (discolor, soil, or spot) firecracker: 爆竹，鞭炮 (a small firework that explodes loudly)
plague: 折磨；使……苦恼 (cause pain, suffering, or trouble to someone, especially for a long period of time) Language and Culture Tip get to somebody make somebody feel very upset Ⅲ. Listening In
Task 1: How to solve Unemployment Problem Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Alan's accountant is preparing his ______ return, so he needs to go over some of ______ with her. Pamela complains that the government just squanders people's ______tax money on some ______. But Alan does not mind ______, saying it means he is ______ money, which is better than ______ charity. Pamela insists that if the ______ would just get jobs, taxes would be much ______. Alan disagrees, saying most people would rather work than ______, but sometimes there are no jobs that they are _______. But Pamela asserts that the jobless people should take the needed training to ______ their skills and knowledge to become more ______. Alan believes that some of the government tax dollars are already directed to training and upgrading programs that help the poor to ______. When Pamela says some of the unemployed don't want to work, preferring to have ______, Alan points out that some people have to be ______ to realize how much fuller their life would be if they were not ______ charity. Pamela is, however, more down-to-earth, thinking the government should attack unemployment by ______. That would give people more money, then they would spend more, which would create ______ for the poor.
Word Tips
tax return: 纳税申报单 (the form on which you have to give information so that your tax can be calculated)
squander: 浪费；挥霍 (carelessly waste money, time, opportunities, etc.)
charity: 慈善 (an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick,
etc.)
handout: 施舍(物) (money or goods that are given to someone, for example, because they are poor)
attack: 着手处理 (start work on with purpose and vigor)
Task 2: A Professional Gambler
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. The bartender did not believe that the guy could make a lot of money out of gambling.
A) T
B) F
2. The gambler could not bite his right eye. A) T B) F
3. The gambler won the second 50 dollars by biting his left eye. A) T B) F
4. The gambler told the bartender that he would dump tomato juice on him. A) T B) F
5. The gambler was good at playing tricks on others. A) T B) F Word Tips
bartender: 酒吧招待 (one who mixes and serves alcoholic drinks at a bar)
odds: 机会；可能性 (chance; probability) screw: 欺骗 (cheat; deceive)
stumble: 跌跌撞撞地走 (walk in an unsteady way and often almost fall) dump: 倾倒 (put down or drop in a careless way) Listen to the passage again and answer the questions.
1. Why was the bartender overjoyed when the gambler dumped tomato juice all over him?
______________
2. Why did the gambler dump tomato juice all over the bartender? ______________ Task 3: Fighting Teen Smoking
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) 28%. B) 36%. C) 16%. D) 8%.
2. A) The number of teen smokers increased. B) The number of teen smokers decreased. C) Many schools abandoned health classes. D) More parents smoked. 3. A) The health classes at school. B) Professional help.
C) Fellow students' encouragement to quit. D) Parents' warnings.
4. A) The rate of teenagers dying from cancer has increased. B) The rate of teenagers who cannot give up smoking has increased. C) More than one-fourth of teenagers still smoke. D) Nearly one-fourth of teenagers still smoke. 5. A) The reasons for combating teen smoking and possible solutions. B) The necessity of combating teen smoking and future work.
C) The success in combating teen smoking and the remaining problem.
D) The problems in combating teen smoking in spite of the limited success.
Word Tips
triumph: 胜利 (victory)
reverse: 倒转 (change something to the opposite decision, policy or trend)
accomplishment: 成就 (something successful or impressive that is achieved after a lot of effort
and hard work)
hooked: 上瘾的 (addicted to something) Listen to the passage again and answer the question.
What is the best time to cure teen smoking, according to the speaker? How did researchers arrive at that conclusion? ______________ Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Discussing Different Kinds of Social Problems; Providing Solutions and Suggestions; Making Concessions
MODEL 1 Nursing home abuse is a national epidemic.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. John: Nora, what are you doing? What are these notes about? Nora: Well, they are for ______.
John: ______. What made you decide to write about that subject? Nora: Granny's going into a nursing home. And this essay is driving me crazy.
John: Narrow down the topic. ______, like nursing homes. Do an outline.
Nora: You mean list the ideas under headings: Introduction, Body, and the Conclusion?
John: Yes. In the Introduction, say ______.
Nora: Then maybe in the Body I can explain how _____. John: Right. Here I see a good quotation: \ Nora: ______.
John: ______ and lawyers who'll help in cases of abuse. Nora: Then, I think I can ______ about the helpless elderly in the Conclusion.
John: Good. When you've written a first draft, read it aloud ______.
Nora: I'm feeling a lot better about this essay and a lot less worried about Granny now.
John: The essay is a piece of cake; but ensuring Granny's OK is a lot harder.
Word Tips
abuse: 虐待 (cruel and violent treatment)
epidemic: 流行病 (a disease affecting many people at the same time) draft: 草稿 (the initial version of a piece of writing) Language and Culture Tip
nursing home A nursing home is a particular kind of place for older people who require help in their day-to-day living. A home for the aged usually refers to a home for the elderly who can manage without help.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A, an aged woman living in a nursing home, is complaining to B, her visiting nephew, about the problems there: There are too many elderly people with too few workers, the owner tries to save money, etc. B heard of a survey describing the substandard care in nearly half of the nursing homes inspected. Since A complains that she can't get help from government offices or lawyers, B promises to take her home to look after her. Useful Expressions
...a 1,000-word essay on abuse of the elderly, due Monday.
...an essay of 1,000 words on abuse/mistreatment/bad treatment of the aged, which is due to be handed in on Monday.
...a 1,000-word paper on ill-treatment of old people, to be handed in on Monday.
That's a big topic.
That's a huge subject. It's a broad theme. Pick one aspect... Focus on/Concentrate on a single part. Select one element.
...people live longer now, crowding nursing homes.
The average lifespan is longer today, and this leaves nursing homes crowded.
Life expectancy is greater now, and the nursing homes/the homes for the aged are crowded.
...the owners try to save money on food and care.
The owners skimp on food and care to increase profits.
The owners cut down on food and care to add to their profits.
Nursing home abuse is a national epidemic.
Nursing home abuse is common in every part of the country.
Ill-treatment of the elderly in nursing homes is common throughout the nation.
I have statistics: 500 homes inspected; in one-third care was substandard.
Here are some figures: In one third of the 500 homes surveyed, care was below standard.
Look at these numbers here: They inspected 500 homes and found in one-third of them care was
inadequate. Mention government offices... You should mention government departments/agencies. Describe government agencies/bodies. ...summarize the main ideas... ...give the essence of important ideas.. ...give the gist of the central ideas... ...to eliminate awkward spots. ...to remove awkward points. ...to cut out hard-to-read lines. MODEL 2 This beauty battled the bottle.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Chris: Hey Nora. Nora: Hey Chris. How is it going?
Chris: Not too bad. Sit down. Sit down. Hey, who was that good-looking girl you were talking to near the auditorium?
Nora: \Drunken Doctor\Dr. Doyle, who gave a dynamite ladies only lecture.
Chris: No, no. I mean the blonde, healthy-looking, the twenty-something girl in blue.
Nora: Yeah, exactly. She's a doctor, but she used to be a drunk. Now ______.
Chris: ______. And a doctor, too! Nora: She says ______, 16 million plus just in the U.S. Chris: I'm surprised that there are so many people ______. Nora: ______.
Chris: Drunks are often dirty old men begging for money. ______? Nora: She was an intern in a big hospital: long hours, little sleep, and constant stress.
Chris: I suppose at first ______, but she realized...
Nora: ______, then two, then a bottle, then drinks to wake up. Chris: That's a sad story.
Nora: ______. She got help and stopped. Now she helps others. Isn't that wonderful?
Word Tips
auditorium: 会堂，礼堂 (a room, hall, or building used for public gatherings)
dynamite: 能引起轰动效果的 (causing great shock or excitement)
inspiring: 令人鼓舞的 (giving people a feeling of excitement and a desire to do something great)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A, the mother, welcomes B, her son, an assistant engineer, home after he has been working in another town for a year. Seeing him smell of alcohol and smoke, she asks what has happened to him, asks him to stop, and warns him of various dangers. Actually, the son got hooked on liquor and cigarettes during lonely night shifts; gradually he drank more and more, and now he lacks the willpower to stop. He is not worried about the dangers; he says many alcoholics are still alive. But finally he promises to try his best to stop. Useful Expressions ...she tells women the dangers of drinking. She warns women drinking is dangerous. She cautions women on the hazards of drinking. I can't imagine someone as pretty as she is to be a drunk. I can hardly imagine a pretty woman like her as an alcoholic. It's unthinkable that a lovely/beautiful lady like that was a drunkard. ...there are alcoholics all over the world... Alcoholism is a universal problem.
You find alcoholics all over the world/everywhere in the world. ...who lack the willpower to stop. ...without the strength of character to stop. ...who haven't the self-discipline to stop/curb their drinking. It's a disease that strikes young and old, rich and poor, and all walks of life.
It's like a virus that hits people of all walks of life, young and old, rich and poor.
It's like a physical ailment that affects all kinds of people regardless of age or social status.
How did Dr. Doyle get hooked? How did Dr. Doyle become addicted? What turned Dr. Doyle into an alcoholic? ...alcohol helped her to relax... Drinking eased the stress. Alcohol relieved tensions. First it was a drink at night... In the beginning it was one drink at the day's end. It started with a single drink in the evening. More inspiring than sad.
It's more encouraging than tragic. It's more heartening than depressing. MODEL 3 There are high risks with games of chance.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Susan: Hey, Chris. ______?
Chris: Oh, it's my brother. You know, he has got a gambling problem. You can't understand gambling as an addiction unless ______. Susan: ______. You just want more and more. Chris: It's exactly like alcoholism; ______. It's on your mind constantly. Susan: Yeah, like some horrible disease. But you can get help. Chris: My brother tried to stop, but ______. ______.
Susan: Did he try Gamblers Anonymous? It's a self-help group with experiences just like his.
Chris: Yeah, he's not alone. It's estimated there are 10 million addicts in America.
Susan: ______, but isn't it a question of taking control of his life? Chris: ______, but ______.
Susan: I know. But if he gets help, maybe he'll get better. Chris: No doubt. It'll be tough. Tough but worth it. Susan: Remember the proverb \ Word Tips
alcoholism: 酗酒 (the uncontrollable habit of drinking alcohol) anonymous: 隐名的 (with one's name unknown)
nag: 唠叨 (keep asking someone to do something, or keep complaining to someone about their behavior, in an annoying way)
compulsive: 强迫的；强迫症的 (of, relating to, caused by, or suggestive of psychological compulsion or obsession) Language and Culture Tips His nerves were on edge. He was very nervous.
Bitter medicine/pills may have wholesome effects. Painful treatment may have a good effect on health.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A, a reporter for the magazine Health, is interviewing B, who used to be a compulsive gambler, but now has got rid of the problem.
B describes the sensation in gambling, compares it to alcoholism, and says he tried to stop on his own but failed. Finally he got help from a doctor and had a tough fight against gambling.
Useful Expressions
Why do you look so depressed?
Why are you so sad/blue? Why are you in such low spirits? ...you've been hooked. You are hooked on it. You've been addicted to it.
Apparently it's just like being addicted to drugs or alcohol. Drugs and alcohol give a similar sensation. It produces a sensation similar to drugs or alcohol. ...it takes over your life. It takes control over your life. It controls your life.
...he felt restless...bad-tempered. His nerves were on edge.
He felt anxious/impatient/worried, ill-tempered/short-tempered, and nervous.
He felt uneasy, irritable. He was jumpy all the time. I don't want to nag him.... I don't want to keep scolding him. I have no intention of criticizing him continually. I see your point.... I understand your argument/reason. I know you're right. ...he's a compulsive gambler. He's a habitual gambler. He's addicted to gambling. Ⅴ. Let's Talk Battling Poverty
Listen to the passage and complete the table with the information you hear.
Measures to Take in Developing Countries: 1. To improve health care systems
Problems and Reasons for Taking the Measures: In the poorest countries: (1) People are expected to live just ______. (2) One in ten children doesn't ______. (3) Women are affected most by ______, especially ______. Measures to Take in Developing Countries: 2. To _______
Problems and Reasons for Taking the Measures: (1) Smaller families have fewer ______ and more ______ of ______.
(2) Countries with lower ______ have had faster ______. Measures to Take in Developing Countries: 3. To ______
Problems and Reasons for Taking the Measures: Investing in education, especially for women, can ______:
(1) Educated women have ______ and can _______. (2) They are more likely to ______ so that the children ______. Debate
The speaker mentions three measures to reduce poverty. Some more are suggested here. Select three measures that you think are the most effective and take turns elaborating on them with your partner. You can add any measures you see fit. to reduce birth rates to popularize education to develop the country's tourism to improve health-care systems
to develop the country's economy to get economic aid from rich countries to increase product export to increase labor export
to get technological aid from developed countries Notes ______________ ______________ ______________ Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening
Task 1: Held Back Because I Speak Spanish
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) An ESL class. B) A Limited English Proficiency class. C) A regular English class. D) A class for non-native English speakers. 2. A) Because his English was not good enough. B) Because he would be able to help other Spanish-speaking students. C) Because the school wanted to prepare him for academic courses. D) Because the school wanted to get more money. 3. A) He was influenced by the way his Spanish-speaking parents spoke. B) He wrote English with many grammatical errors. C) He did not perform well on the English proficiency test. D) He refused to attend any other classes. 4. A) He was about the average level. B) He remained a top student. C) He began to have slight difficulty. D) He could no longer cope with the task.
5. A) He felt that the school cared more about money than about pupils' welfare.
B) He remembered a sympathetic school administration.
C) He was made to feel welcome because he spoke Spanish.
D) He was grateful that the school took such a keen interest in his progress.
Word Tips
discrimination: 歧视 (treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit)
outraged: 大怒 (very angry)
ace: 得高分 (do very well in an examination, a piece of written work, etc.)
Task 2: Drinking, Gambling and Golf
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
A man was walking in the city when he was accosted by a ______ dirty and shabby-looking
bum, who asked him for a couple of dollars for dinner.
The man took out his ______, extracted two dollars and asked, \you take it and buy whiskey?\ \ \
\ \ \ The man said, \ The bum was surprised, \I know I'm dirty, and I probably smell pretty bad.\
The man replied, \
Word Tips
accost: 招呼；搭话 (go towards someone you do not know and speak to them in an unpleasant or threatening way)
shabby: 破烂的，破旧的 (looking old and in bad condition) bum: 流浪者 (tramp; beggar)
extract: 取出 (remove an object from somewhere, especially with difficulty)
Language and Culture Tip
green fees at a golf course the charge for playing a game of golf on a given course
Task 3: Why buy lottery tickets? Listen to the dialog and answer the questions. Language and Culture Tip
Alcoholics Anonymous an organization in which people share their experiences and hopes to encourage each other to recover from alcoholism 1. Why does the woman think lottery tickets tax the poor? ______________ 2. Why does the man buy lottery tickets? ______________
3. What are the two reasons the woman gives for the poor to buy lottery tickets?
______________
4. What three examples does the man give to show that many people are addicted to gambling?
______________
5. According to the woman, what is the precondition for the online program to help habitual gamblers? ______________ Word Tips
lottery: 彩票 (a game used to make money for a state or a charity in which people buy tickets with a series of numbers on them. If their number is picked by chance, they win money or a prize.)
tax: 对……征税 (charge a tax on something) thrill: 激动 (a sudden strong feeling of excitement and pleasure) casino: 赌场 (a place where people try to win money by playing card games or roulette)
cruise: 巡航，巡弋 (sail along slowly, especially for pleasure)
roulette: 轮盘赌 (a game in which a small ball is spun around on a moving wheel, and people try to win money by guessing which hole the ball will fall into) News Report Humanity is indivisible.
Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations:
Peace must be sought above all because it is a ______ for every member of the human family to live a life of _______ and security.
We have entered the third millennium through a gate of ______. If today, after the horror of 11 September, we see better and we see ______, we will realize that humanity is indivisible. New threats make no ______ between races, nations, or regions. A new insecurity has entered every mind, ______ wealth or status. A deeper ______ of the bonds that bind us all, in ______ and in prosperity, has gripped young and old... because beneath the ______ of states and nations, ideas and language, _______ the fate of individual human beings in need. _______ their needs will be the _______ of the United Nations in the century to come. Thank you very much.
Word Tips
humanity: 人类 (the human race) indivisible: 不能分割的 incapable of undergoing division millennium: 千年 (a thousand years)
bond: 联合起来的力量或关系；联结 (a uniting force or tie; a link) grip: 抓 (seize firmly) Questions for Discussion
1. With the miserable memory of the two world wars, what can the United Nations do to protect the world from wars?
2. Poverty is a big problem in the world. What could the government do to lift needy people out of poverty? What can the United Nations do to help poor countries?
UNIT 7 Our globe is in danger!
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. According to your experience, what damages are being done to the environment?
(√) 2. Can you think of some measures to protect forests?
(√) 3. If a chemical plant has to dump a poisonous substance into the river, but its closing-down means that many workers will lose their jobs and the local economy will be affected, then what do you propose to do?
(√) 4. Which types of energy should we use: wood, coal, petroleum, water power, nuclear energy or solar energy? Give your reasons. Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) By studying the warm Pacific current we can understand EI Nino.
B) Even scientists cannot understand EI Nino. C) To understand EI Nino, we have to use satellites. D) To understand EI Nino, scientists have to use good microscopes.2. A) The man thinks negatively about it while the woman thinks positively.
B) The woman thinks negatively about it while the man thinks positively.
C) Both the man and the woman think negatively about it.
D) Both the man and the woman think positively about it. 3. A) To grow trees. B) To close the windows. C) To go to the desert. D) To visit Beijing. 4. A) To treat old electrical appliances safely. B) To remove air-conditioners in cars. C) To make new refrigerators. D) To buy new cars. 5. A) The woman may bomb the apartment. B) The woman may burn the apartment. C) The woman should not use an aerosol spray. D) The woman should be sure to panic. Word Tips
microscope: 显微镜 (an optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects) EI Nino: 厄尔尼诺现象
greenhouse effect: 温室效应 (the gradual warming of the air surrounding the Earth as a result of heat being trapped by pollution)
ozone layer: 臭氧层 (a layer of gases in the sky that prevents harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the Earth)
harness: 利用(或控制)……以产生动力 (control and use the natural force or power of something)
hazard: 危险 (danger; risk)
CFC: 氟氯化碳 (chlorofluorocarbon, a gas used in fridges and aerosol cans, believed to be responsible for damaging the ozone layer)
aerosol: 喷雾器 (a container in which liquids are kept under pressure and forced out in a spray)
Ⅲ. Listening In
Task 1: We should have proper respect for nature! Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture ______ than before. When asked about the most serious ______ in the world today, he mentioned the damaged ______ and the ______ in big cities.
Ed learned about environmental problems at school. A lot of _______ and some TV programs ______ environmental safety. He believes that students should learn more about the environment at school. Then they can be more ______ all the problems and prevent more problems ______.
When asked about a new _______ he would like to make to help the environment, he said
that when people throw away their _______, they have to throw them in the garbage bin. They should be ______ if they throw them on the floor.
Personally, Ed is so set against _______ that he never litters. He always throws his ______ into the garbage bin. Word Tips
litter: 乱扔垃圾 (leave rubbish in public places) trash: 垃圾 (something worth little or nothing) Task 2: The Smaller Hole in the Ozone Layer
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. Researchers say the hole in the ozone layer over Australia would become smaller.
A) T
B) F
2. The level of ozone-destroying gases in the upper atmosphere was at its highest in 2000.
A) T B) F
3. The large hole this year is 8 million square kilometers smaller than the average in the past six years. A) T B) F
4. CFCs have been widely used in the past 30 years or so. A) T B) F
5. The passage talks about the improvement of the ozone layer and the reasons for it.
A) T
B) F Word Tips Antarctica:南极洲
radiation: 辐射，放射 (energy in the form of heat or light that is sent out as waves that one cannot see) chlorine: 氯 Language and Culture Tip
Montreal Protocol 蒙特利尔议定书 In 1987, international negotiators adopted legally-binding commitments in the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which required countries to reduce their consumption of chemicals which harm the ozone layer.
Listen to the passage again and answer the questions.
1. How large was the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica thirty years ago?
______________
2. What did developing countries promise to do under the Montreal Protocol by 2005 and 2007 respectively? ______________ Task 3: A Mild EI Nino
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) It happens one or two times a year. B) It happens every two or three years. C) It happens every four to five years. D) It happens irregularly and unpredictably. 2. A) There are higher temperatures and more rainfall. B) There are lower temperatures and less rainfall. C) There are higher temperatures and less rainfall. D) There are lower temperatures and more rainfall. 3. A) It did not cause anything unusual to happen. B) It caused floods throughout the world. C) It caused worldwide drought. D) It caused floods and drought in different places. 4. A) More rainfall. B) Drier weather. C) Warmer weather. D) A big storm. 5. A) The mechanism of EI Nino. B) The disasters brought about by EI Nino. C) This year's as well as the usual EI Nino. D) This year's and last year's EI Nino. Listen to the passage again and answer the question. What happens to South America and Australia during EI Nino? ______________ Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Discussing Environmental Problems; Resuming Serious Talk; Asking in Retort
MODEL 1 Our globe is in danger.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions.
John: How is your Grandma getting along during this unusually hot weather?
Nora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that _______. She believes the
weather has changed.
John: What she means is the climate's long-term conditions; weather refers only to day-to-day conditions.
Nora: Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But I tried to comfort her, saying, \ John: She's right, you know. ______. Nora: _______?
John: Tell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let in light and trap heat.
Nora: Think she'll want to know that carbon monoxide from earth makes greenhouse gases?
John: Everybody should know what causes global warming; otherwise we won't stop it.
Nora: I'll tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal, or to ______.
John: OK, joke about it, but it won't be so funny when ______. Word Tips humid: 潮湿的 (moist; damp)
panel: 板 (a flat rectangular piece of glass, wood, metal, etc.) trap: 挡住 (prevent something such as gas or water from getting away) carbon monoxide: 一氧化碳
icecap: 冰冠 (ice sheet; a thick layer of ice that covers an area of land)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A and B are talking about the warmer climate. While B asks how it was caused, A explains that carbon monoxide, which is a greenhouse gas, has resulted in greenhouse effects or global warming. Then they discuss ways to reduce global warming, such as not burning wood or coal, depending less on air conditioning and refrigeration, etc. Useful Expressions ...the hot, humid weather is killing her. The hot, wet climate is making her extremely uncomfortable. She is suffering from the hot, damp weather. ...it's all in your mind... It's just your imagination.
It's not real./It's not for real.
The greenhouse effect does bring global warming and rain. The greenhouse effect really increases temperatures and rainfall all over the world.
Indeed, the greenhouse effect results in/brings about/causes worldwide warming and rain.
How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-old Granny?
Can you reasonably expect me to explain global warming and greenhouse gases to an old lady?
How can a 97-year-old woman understand my explanation of global warming and greenhouse gases? ...use aerosol spray on her hair. ...use aerosol hair sprays. ...use aerosol tins to spray her hair. ...the polar icecaps melt and oceans rise. Ice at the poles melts, and the sea level rises. Polar ice dissolves, and oceans expand. MODEL 2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions.
Susan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus ______. Chris: ______?
Susan: So what?! Don't you want to save the rainforests? Chris: But there're no rainforests in our country. ______.
Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where ______. Tropical rainforests can be found in hot, tropical areas, but there are also cool rainforests, including one in southeast Alaska.
Chris: How did you know that?
Susan: Well, I've just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140 million people live in the world's rainforests, and _____. Chris: Wow, ______. So what else have you learned?
Susan: Most of the world's rainforests are ______. They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute! Chris: It's terrible!
Susan: Yeah, we've got to ______. Now, would you like to give a donation?
Chris: Sure.
Word Tips
donation: 捐赠 (something given without the expectation of anything in exchange)
dense: 浓密的 (crowded closely together)
vegetation: 植物 (plants of an area or a region)
logger: 伐木者，伐木工人 (a person who cuts trees)
acre: 英亩 (a unit of area in the U.S. Customary System, used for land and sea floor measurement)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A and B are talking about the worsening situation for rainforests and bio-diversity in the world as well as the necessity to save forests.
To help B's understanding of a Chinese mayor's call for tree-planting, A tells B the information in an article on afforestation: China's forest coverage rate was 18.21 percent last year, ranking only 130th in the world. But the progress has been remarkable, as in 2000 the rate was just 16.55 percent. Moreover, China has planted more trees than any other country. Useful Expressions ...asking for donations to save the rainforests. ...call for donations to save rainforests. ...ask people to donate to preserve rainforests. So what?
Does it have anything to do with me/concern me? What do I care? They need hot, tropical climates. They are all located/situated in the tropical zone. They are all in the tropics. ... heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation. Trees and undergrowth flourish in the steady rain. Constant rain brings heavy growth.
...35 percent of the world's plant and animal species exist only in rainforests.
More than one third of the world's plants and animals live only in rainforests.
Rainforests are the only habitat for 35 percent of the world's animals and plants.
...I'm impressed. I'm amazed. Awesome!
...in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers.
...in danger of extinction because of loggers, farmers and developers ...having loggers, farmers and developers threatening their very existence ...find a way to save them. ...find a solution to save them. ...work out a plan to preserve them. MODEL 3 What a terrible sandstorm!
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Susan: Hey, John. You're back. A few days ago, _______. John: Oh, that's bad.
Susan: ______. I had to wear a scarf around my head.
John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in science, I've heard ______.
Susan: _______, and unfortunately our city is one of them.
John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airborne. And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold air that rises up, and it can travel very long distances.
Susan: Normally, when there's a wind, ______, and you have beautiful weather. But when the
dust is brought in with the wind, then you can't breathe, you can't see well, and it's dangerous for driving, or for walking.
John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up, it can go as high as 3,000 meters. And _______. For example, the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storms, and some of the dust goes up very high, goes across the ocean, and falls down on New Zealand. Susan: Not a very nice neighbor. John: _______?
Susan: We need to _______ so that the soil can stay where it is. John: No wonder _______.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
After being away from his hometown in the north for more than three years, A has come back home in spring and finds a clear blue sky instead of a sandstorm. A and B talk about the dust storm in the past. Then B tells A how the city has improved the environment. Useful Expressions ...a big sandstorm hit our city. A big dust storm struck our city. A sandstorm deluged our city. The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. The air was filled with sand and dust. There was a lot of sand and dust in the air. ...the dust often comes after a long period of drought. The dust appears often after a long period without rain. The dust often rises after a long dry spell. This is a serious problem in many parts of the world... This problem seriously affects various parts of the globe. The problem adversely affects numerous parts of the planet. ...the soil can be lifted up... The soil can be lifted/raised.
The soil is swept up.
...it can clear the air... It cleans the air. The air is cleared.
...it's not just China that has problems, but many other countries. Not only China, but also many other places have dust storms. Many countries besides China suffer from sandstorms. Is there a solution to the problem? Is there a way to solve the problem? Are there any methods to address the issue? ...plant more trees and grass... ...grow more trees and grass... ...open more afforestation projects...
...the government is launching a new afforestation program in a bid to address the environmental problem.
The state is planning a new afforestation project to deal with the environmental problem.
The government is starting an afforestation program to improve the environment.
Questions for Discussion
1. What can we personally do to help protect the environment? 2. What are ways to reduce pollution in the country?
3. How has the climate changed in your memory? Has it become warmer or colder? Give some possible reasons for the change.
4. Do you think the energy is being wasted in some ways? Can you suggest some ways to prevent such waste?
5. Do you think overpopulation is an important environmental issue? Why?
Ⅴ. Let's Talk The Environment and the Development
Listen to the dialog and complete the table with the information you hear. Environmental Problems
air pollution, ______, desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats, ______, over-consumption of ______, etc. Central Problem
the contradiction between ______ and ______ A New Idea
_______; it means: (1) Today's economic growth should not wipe out ______ for future generations. (2) Planning and development should ensure not only ______, but also _______ and ______. (3) Some economic behavior must be ______. What China Could Do
Instill principles of sustainable development into _______, ______ and ______
What China Has Done
China has already taken some _______ to reduce damage to the environment.
e.g. Following the huge ______ of 1998, the government ______ of the Yangtze River.
The Aim
______ between economic growth and the environment Word Tips
habitat: 栖息地，居留地 (the natural home of a plant or animal)
acid rain: 酸雨 (rain that contains harmful acid which can damage the environment and is caused by chemicals in the air, for example from cars or factories)
summit: 峰会 (an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments)
sustainable: 可持续的 (able to continue without causing damage to the environment)
option: 选择 (a choice you can make in a particular situation) instill: 注入；灌输 (teach
someone to think, behave, or feel in a particular way over a period of time) log: 伐木 (cut down trees) the upper reach: (河流的 )上游 (the upper section) Debate
Students A and B have different opinions on whether economic growth or environmental protection should receive priority in China. Each will give a few reasons. A (supports economic growth): China's economy is not yet well developed.
B (supports environmental protection): China's economy has developed to a stage where we
have to consider the environment.
A (supports economic growth): We must improve people's living standards.
B (supports environmental protection): Environmental problems can undermine the quality or
people's life.
A (supports economic growth): Environmental protection also needs a lot of money.
B (supports environmental protection): Environmental protection will save a lot of money as
well as a lot of destruction.
A (supports economic growth): An economically strong nation will have many advantages in the world market.
B (supports environmental protection): To follow the trend toward economic globalization, China has to meet the international environmental criteria. Notes ______________ ______________ ______________ Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening
Task 1: Thick Cloud of Pollution Covering Southern Asia Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) It hangs over northwestern Asia. B) It is three kilometers wide. C) It increases rainfall across the whole of Asia. D) It can move halfway around the world in a week. 2. A) Burning animal waste in stoves. B) Evaporation form the ocean. C) Forest fires. D) Burning agricultural waste. 3. A) It cools the land and oceans. B) It reduces the sunlight on the earth by 50 percent. C) It lowers its own temperature. D) It changes the direction of the ocean currents. 4. A) Because the cloud will contain more harmful substances. B) Because the cloud will gradually turn into acid rain. C) Because the Asian population will increase a lot. D) Because industries in Asia are developing fast. 5. A) The size and dangers of a cloud of pollution. B) The movement of a cloud of pollution and the disasters which result. C) The causes and results of a cloud of pollution. D) A terrible disaster in Asia. Word Tip
intensify: 加强 (increase in degree or strength) Task 2: Mountain regions face a number of dangers.
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Mountain people around the world are in great danger of the ______ effects of the worsening
environment, according to a UN _______.
As global ______ and deforestation accelerate and technology makes wilder places more accessible, environmental and social ______ on the world's remotest regions increase.
The UN has found that many ______ regions—inhabited by one out of five of the world's
people — are ________ recognizable when they are compared to what they were like 60 years ago. This is mostly because forests were cut to ______ way for cattle grazing and agriculture.
The authors of the UN study _______. Biological losses are expected to be heavy. The
mountains of Europe, parts of California and the northwest Andes in South America are among the most threatened mountain areas in the world and should be given priority in conservation.
______ because they are inhabited by some of the most vulnerable people. These people
could lose their culture and their livelihood with even the smallest shifts in climate.
At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people. ______. In other areas like
Nepal, people are drifting to the cities in search of work. Word Tips
deforestation: 滥伐森林 (the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area)
inhabit: 居住，栖息 (live or reside in) graze: 吃草 (eat grass that is growing)
priority: 优先；优先权 (the thing that you think is most important and that needs attention before anything else)
conservation: 保存，保护 (the protection of natural things such as animals, plants, forests, etc. from being spoiled or destroyed)
vulnerable: 易受伤害的，脆弱的 (someone who is vulnerable can be easily harmed or hurt)
drift: 漂泊 (move, change, or do something without any plan or purpose)Task 3: Digging a Hole Listen to the passage and answer the questions. 1. What were the two workers doing along the roadside? ______________ 2. What did the fellow ask the two men? ______________
3. Why did the man say the two workers were wasting the county's money?
______________
4. Normally, how did the workers work? ______________ Word Tips shovel: 铲子 (spade) brow: 额头 (forehead)
pipe: 尖叫地说 (speak or sing something in a high voice) News Report Santa's Hometown in Danger
Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
Weather experts may have found a new problem ______ by global warming, one which many people will pay attention to: There are ______ that Santa's home in the North may be in trouble because of ______. The Finnish town of Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle, which many Europeans say is the home of Santa Claus, has had its ______ winter in 40 years. As a result, there has been much less snow than usual—meaning no snowmen, no snowballs, and ______ not enough snow for Santa to ______ his sleigh on.
More important for local ______, it may mean fewer tourists, as well. Santa's wintry hometown normally _____ thousands of visitors each year, and millions of dollars.
Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town's tourist director, worries that the town could be in ______
if snow levels do not return to ______. She explains: \For Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our winter tourism because winter is our ______. It is really important for us.\
Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is a one-time thing. Few people can ______ a holiday when even Santa does not have a white Christmas.
Word Tips
Finnish: 芬兰的 (of or relating to Finland or its people, language, or culture)
The Arctic Circle: 北极圈
wintry: 有冬天特征的；寒冷的 (belonging to or characteristic of winter; cold)
Questions for Discussion
1. Search the Internet or review some magazines to find out possible consequences of the melting of polar icecaps and share the information with your classmates. 2. What can we do in our daily life to prevent global warming?
UNIT 8 Flying there is not half the fun.
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. Compare air and rail transport and discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
(√) 2. Do you prefer to fly business class or economy class?
(√) 3. Do you wish to be a flight attendant? Why or why not?
(√) 4. Many airline companies are lowering fares and making smaller profits. Give some of the possible reasons. Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) middle — aisle — window.
B) window — aisle — middle. C) aisle — window — middle. D) middle — window — aisle. 2. A) Two business class tickets at full price.
B) Two business class tickets at a reduced price. C) One business class and one economy class ticket. D) Two economy tickets at a reduced price.3. A) The Thai Air Counter is on the right side.
B) There is a long queue at the Thai Air Counter. C) The British Airways counter is Counter 26.
D) The British Airways counter is next to Counter 26.4. A) Because he is wearing jewelry. B) Because he has keys in his pockets. C) Because he has a steel plate in his bag.
D) Because he has a metal plate in his body. 5. A) Security guards search her check-in suitcase. B) Security guards search her carry-on bag. C) She had to arrive at the airport early. D) Security guards search her belongings for a long time Word Tips
aisle: 走廊；通道 (a long narrow space between rows of seats) rugby: 橄榄球 (a form of football played by two teams using a ball shaped like an egg)
carry-on: 随身携带的行李 (a bag that you are allowed to take onto a plane with you)
Ⅲ. Listening In
Task 1: The smaller the airport, the bigger the checkup! Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Paul finds the airport ______ sometimes very strange. In an international flight he did expect to have his luggage _______. Sylvia agrees, knowing that with all the ______ that's out there about terrorism, they will check passengers' baggage — especially their ______. In fact, Paul does not mind them ______ his baggage, but there seems to be an inverse ratio ______: The smaller the airport, the ______ the security. The _______ a plane is to be hijacked, the more ______ they take. Paul further says that once at a small airport, they ______ a roll of adhesive tape to prevent hijacking. They also asked him to remove ______ from its case and demonstrate that it could ______. On the other hand, a large airport is different. When Paul _______ from Vancouver to Paris, they simply ______ through the scanner, and he was ______. Finally, Sylvia admits that the baggage checking system is ______. Word Tips
terrorism: 恐怖主义 (the use of violence such as bombing, shooting, or kidnapping to achieve political aims)
inverse: 相反的，逆的 (opposite; contrary)
hijack: 劫持 (use violence or threats to take control of a plane, vehicle, or ship)
precaution: 预防措施 (an action taken in advance to protect against possible danger or failure)
adhesive tape: 胶带 (sticky tape)
Vancouver: (加拿大)温哥华 (a city southwest of British Columbia, Canada)
scanner: 扫描器 (an X-ray device that scans luggage for metal objects) Task 2: Jet Lag
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. People tend to get jet lag if they fly a long distance. A) T B) F
2. Alcohol is the best liquid to reduce jet lag. A) T
B) F
3. Fat meat is better than noodles for dealing with jet lag. A) T B) F
4. In case of jet lag one should always go to bed around 10 p.m. A) T B) F
5. To decrease jet lag, one can do exercise both on the plane and after the flight.
A) T
B) F Word Tip
jet lag: 时差 (the tired and confused feeling that you can get after flying a very long distance, especially because of the difference in time between the place you left and the place you arrived at)
Listen to the passage again and answer the questions. 1. What will passengers from New York to Beijing experience? ______________
2. What are the methods of reducing jet lag mentioned in the passage? ______________ Task 3: $ 10 is $ 10.
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) He wanted to watch planes flying across the sky. B) He wanted to have a ride in the plane. C) He wanted to sell plane tickets. D) He wanted his wife to have a plane ride by herself. 2. A) They had to pay a lot of bills. B) They had to get back home soon. C) It was dangerous to fly. D) It was more pleasant to watch on the ground. 3. A) Both the man and woman wanted to fly. B) Neither the man nor the woman wanted to fly. C) The man wanted to fly but the woman did not want him to. D) The woman wanted to fly but the man did not want her to. 4. A) The couple could have a free ride if the man did not make a sound during the trip.
B) The couple could have a free ride if the woman did not make a sound during the trip.
C) The couple could have a free ride if neither of them made a sound during the trip.
D) The couple could have a free ride if both of them cheered him up during the trip.
5. A) She screamed out of terror.
B) She shouted for joy.
C) She remained calm. D) She fell out of the plane. Word Tips
aviation: 航空 (the operation and production of aircraft)
overhear: 无意中听到；旁听到 (accidentally hear what other people are saying, when they do not know that you have heard) spin: 旋转 (turn around fast) dive: 俯冲 (go steeply downwards) Language and Culture Tip
cut in interrupt someone who is speaking by saying something Listen to the passage again and answer the question. What did the old man finally say? And what does it mean? ________________ Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Booking a Flight or a Hotel Room; Describing a Process; Complaining MODEL 1 I'd like to book hotel and airline reservations.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Language and Culture Tip
first-class, business-class, economy-class, tourist-class tickets First-class tickets are the most expensive, followed by business-class tickets. Economy-class and tourist-class tickets are the same price.
Travel agent: Horizon Travel, how may I help you? Helen: This is Helen Parker. _______. Travel agent: And ______, Ms. Parker? Helen: ______ Las Vegas to attend an electronics trade show. Travel agent: OK. Can you spell your name, please? Helen: My last name is Parker, P-A-R-K-E-R, and my first name is Helen.
Travel agent: Will you be traveling alone?
Helen: Yes, I'll be traveling by myself. Travel agent: _______?
Helen: _______. I plan on leaving July 21st and coming back on the 30th. Travel agent: _______?
Helen: No, no, not a chance. _______. If there's a three-star hotel located downtown, that would be great. If it has a pool, that's better still. Travel agent: OK, let me check the computer. _______. _______. Helen: No problem. I'm at 658-0266, extension 513. I'll be expecting your call.
Travel agent: OK, Ms. Parker. Thank you for your call. I'll get back to you soon. Bye bye.
Helen: Bye.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A, a travel agent, is talking to B, who wants to book two return tickets to fly with his/her boss, James Adams, to Toronto to attend an industrial exhibition. Since B is not sure when to come back, he/she wants open tickets for the return journey. He/She also asks for business class tickets and five-star hotel rooms. Useful Expressions I'd like to book hotel and airline reservations. I'd like to reserve a seat on the plane and a hotel. I want to book an airline ticket and a hotel room. ...what's your destination... Where are you going? Where are you headed for? I'm headed for... I'm flying to... I'm on my way to... Will that be a one-way or a round-trip ticket? Will that be a return ticket? Will you be coming back? Return. A return ticket. A round-trip ticket.
Will you be flying first class or business class? Will you go first class or business class? Are you going first class or business class? Economy class, the cheapest. The economy class, or the cheapest. Just the economy class, please. I don't want to waste money. I can book your flight immediately. I can book your ticket right now. I can reserve your flight right away.
I'll have to inquire about the hotel reservation and call you back. I have to ask about the hotel reservation and get back to you. I must check the hotel reservation and then give you a ring/call you. MODEL 2 Last week I flew non-stop to San Francisco.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Language and Culture Tips be burned out become tired or irritated do justice to treat fairly Nora: Hey John. John: Hey!
Nora: I took a course on how the airport runs, and I don't suffer from fear of flying any more. Last week I flew non-stop to San Francisco. John: Congratulations! Which flight did you take? Nora: United Airlines, Flight UA858. John: ______? ______?
Nora: Not everything. Since I hadn't traveled by air for a long time, I wasn't familiar with the airport. ______. John: Then how did you find it?
Nora: In fact, ______: \ John: And was everything OK once you found it? Nora: No, _______. I had to wait there for an hour.
John: I see. You must have been burned out waiting before you even boarded the plane.
Nora: _______. When I finally got to the counter and handed in my passport and ticket, the
airline agent looked at my passport and at me again and again. John: Why? ______? Nora: I don't know. I just told her _______. John: _______.
Nora: She didn't say anything like that. Fortunately, when I asked for an aisle seat, she said she had one. You know, _______. John: I prefer an aisle seat, too. Then _______. Nora: Finally _______ in just minutes. So I had to run! John: That's bad luck. But you made it! Good for you. Word Tips
monitor: 监视器；屏幕 (screen used to display certain kinds of information)
fake: 假货；赝品 (something that seems real but is not)
boarding pass: 登机牌 (a card which a passenger must have when getting on a plane or a boat)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A meets B at the airport and asks B about his trip. B tells A about his experiences before boarding: B almost missed the flight because of a traffic jam. B took British Airways, Flight BA 554. On the monitor he found the check-in counter to be No. 36. Although the queue at the counter was short, B had other problems. His passport was to expire in a week, so he had to fly back quickly; and his luggage was overweight. Luckily B got a window seat, though A prefers an aisle seat. Finally B managed to board the plane on time. Useful Expressions How did it go? Everything smooth sailing? How was your flight? Was everything OK? What was it like? No problems?
It took me quite a while to find the United Airlines check-in counter. It took me a long time to find the check-in counter for United Airlines. I spent a lot of time looking for the United Airlines check-in counter. ...it was displayed on the monitor... All airline counters were shown on the monitor. Flight information was posted on the monitor. ...there was a terrible line-up. There was a very long queue. Dozens of people were lined up. That still wasn't the end of my troubles. That was not at all the end of all my problems. The worst of it wasn't over yet. Did she think your passport was a fake? Did she think you bought a fake passport? Was she suspicious of a false/counterfeit passport? ...my photo did not flatter me at all. I looked a hundred years old in that photo. I didn't look young in the photo.
Your photo certainly doesn't do justice to your beauty. You are surely more beautiful than your photo. That photograph is far from flattering. ...I wouldn't dare take a window seat and look out the window. I didn't want window seat; I hate looking out of the window. With a window seat I'll have to look out the window; I'll hate that. ...I can stretch my legs and occasionally stand up in the aisle. I can stretch my legs and stand up in the aisle from time to time. I can stand in the aisle sometimes to stretch my legs.
...she gave me a boarding pass, and it said my flight would be boarding at Gate 33...
She gave me a boarding pass, which showed I was to board at Gate 33.
She handed me a boarding pass; it said I must get on board at Gate 33. MODEL 3 I've got jet lag.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may look at the boxes of useful expressions. Susan: Wow! What happened? ______. John: ______. I've got jet lag.
Susan: Jet lag's not for real, is it? It's like a \heart\—a figure of speech.
John: It's for real. _______? ______. I can't eat; I can't sleep.
Susan: _______ after you're home again and walking round? John: I don't know exactly. It can be a day for each hour's difference in time.
Susan: Ouch! At that rate _______.
John: Maybe a drink on the plane can ease your jet leg.
Susan: That's not a very good idea. Alcohol dries you out when it's combined with altitude and stale dry air in the cabin. John: _______.
Susan: Take my advice. Go by boat. Arrive rested and ready to enjoy your holiday.
John: No, it'll take too long—longer than the time for me ______.
Word Tips
figure of speech: 修辞格 (word or phrase used for vivid effect and not in its ordinary meaning, suggesting an image or comparison)
bloodshot: (指眼睛)充血的，充满血丝的 ((of eyes) red because of broken blood vessels)
stale: 不新鲜的 (not fresh)
cabin: 机舱 (the enclosed space in an aircraft or spacecraft reserved for the crew, passengers, or cargo) Language and Culture Tip
look like something the cat dragged in have a very dirty or untidy appearance
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
A finds B is dead tired from jet lag. After B explains his/her bloodshot eyes and the possible length of jet lag, B and A find an online article that recommends ways to overcome jet lag, which include getting some exercise, taking sleeping pills when one doesn't feel like sleeping, and drinking coffee when one is sleepy. Useful Expressions You look like something the cat dragged in. You look dead tired.
Wow, you look really washed-out/tired out/worn out. You would too if you'd been through what I have. You'd be too if you'd experienced what I have. You'd look just as tired if you'd had my experience. See my eyes? They're all bloodshot. Look at my eyes: they're red. My eyes look like red roadmaps. How long does this jet lag last... How long will the jet lag continue? Does jet lag affect you for long?
...it'll take you twelve days to recover from the flight. It takes you 12 days to recover. You can expect to spend twelve days recovering.
I wonder whether a long flight like that is worth its high cost. I doubt if such a long flight is worth its high cost. I don't know if we should pay a high fee for such a long flight. ...to reset my biological clock after a flight. ...to adjust my biological clock after a flight. ...to get my biological clock back in tune after flying. Questions for Discussion
1. Do you prefer to travel by plane or by ship? Why?
2. Why are aircraft safety conditions checked more frequently than those of trains and cars?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a pilot?
4. What kind of seat would you like to have on a plane, a window, middle or aisle seat? Why?
5. Give some reasons for the fast development of the aviation industry in the past decades.
Ⅴ. Let's Talk
Advantages and Disadvantages of Flying
Listen to the passage and complete the table with the information you hear. Pros and Cons of Flying: Pro 1 Supporting Details: An airplane flies _____:
(1) Supersonic passenger planes can fly across the Atlantic Ocean in ______;
(2) In future they may carry people from New York to London in ______.
Pros and Cons of Flying: Pro 2
Supporting Details: _______ has dropped a great deal, so more people are ______: Many millions became _______, and even joined frequent ______. Pros and Cons of Flying: Pro 3
Supporting Details: Flying has become increasingly ______: Business fliers can fly to another city, _______, and return ______. Pros and Cons of Flying: Pro 4
Supporting Details: Airlines are cautious about checking ______ to reduce the possibility of accidents _______. Pros and Cons of Flying: Con 1 Supporting Details: The plane is incapable of ______. Pros and Cons of Flying: Con 2
Supporting Details: An airport can be ______ from the city center. Word Tips
inherent: 固有的；内在的 (existing as a natural quality; inborn) supersonic: 超音速的 (faster than the speed of sound)
fare: 车费；机票 (money charged for a journey by aircraft, bus, taxi, ship, etc.)
loyalty: 忠诚，忠实 (being loyal or faithful)
outweigh: 比……更重要 (be more important than)
drawback: 缺点 (a disadvantage of a situation, plan, product, etc.)
Discussion
Work in pairs. Compare air travel with another mode of transport you select from the table below, discussing the respective advantages and disadvantages. Aircraft: Fast and convenient Car/Coach/Truck: ______ Train: ______ Ship: ______
Aircraft: The fare has dropped but is still high. Car/Coach/Truck: ______ Train: ______ Ship: ______
Aircraft: Safe, though sometimes dangerous Car/Coach/Truck: ______ Train: ______ Ship: ______
Aircraft: Incapable of transporting a lot of cargo Car/Coach/Truck: ______ Train: ______ Ship: ______
Aircraft: Sometimes unable to reach the destination directly Car/Coach/Truck: ______
Train: ______
Ship: ______ Aircraft: ... Car/Coach/Truck: ______ Train: ______ Ship: ______ Notes ______________ ______________ ______________
Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening Task 1: An Overview of Airlines
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) The history of the aviation industry. B) The role of the market in airline services. C) The scale and scope of airline companies. D) A description of airline companies. 2. A) The scale varies a lot but the scope is stable. B) The scope influences the scale a lot. C) They both vary a great deal. D) They are both stable.
3. A) Leisure passengers. B) Business passengers. C) Cargo shipments. D) The increase of the price.
4. A) Airlines have changed from government-owned to profit-seeking enterprises.
B) Airlines have changed from profit-seeking to government-owned enterprises.
C) Airlines have become larger.
D) Airlines have become more dependent. 5. A) Every year it experiences ups and downs. B) Its business changes for better or worse after some years. C) Its business improves every five or six years. D) Its business worsens every four or five years. Word Tips lease: 租借 (rent for a given term) airliner: 大型客机；班机 (a large plane for passengers) partnership: 伙伴关系 (the state of being a partner in business)
alliance: 联盟 (an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups, etc. agree to work together)
categorize: 分类 (put people or things into groups according to the type of person or thing they are)
intercontinental: 洲际的 (going from one continent to another, or happening between two continents) intra-continental: 洲内的 (within a continent) charter: 包租 (hiring of an aircraft or a ship for a particular trip)
macroeconomic: 宏观经济的 (relating to the major, general features of a country's economy)
cyclical: 循环的 (happening again and again in cycles) Task 2: Results of Damage Testing
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Birds often cause accidents when they ______ aircraft. To date no reliable method of ______
birds has been discovered. But scientists at the NASA space center have developed a gun built to ______ dead chickens at the windshields of ______, military jets and the space shuttle, all ______ at their top speed. The idea is to _______ the frequent incidents of collisions with birds to test the ______ of the windshields.
Trains sometimes encounter similar problems with birds. It was not surprising that ______. Arrangements were made to borrow the gun ______. But when the gun was fired, the engineers stood shocked as the chicken flew into the shield, smashed it, went through the engineer's chair, and landed on the back of the cab.
Horrified, the British sent NASA the results of the disastrous experiment, along with the designs of the new windshield. They begged the U.S. scientists to send them their suggestions for avoiding smashed windshields. _______: \ Word Tips
NASA: 国家航空航天局 (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
space shuttle: 航天飞机 (a vehicle that is designed to go into space and return to Earth several
times)
smash: 打得粉碎 (break into tiny pieces) thaw: 解冻 (let frozen food become warmer until it is ready to cook) Task 3: Funny Flight Announcements Listen to the passage and answer the questions. 1. What was one pilot's welcome message? _______________
2. What did a pilot say when he advised the passengers to stay inside the plane?
_______________
3. In case of an emergency, should adults first save themselves or their children? What did the Southwest Airlines employee say about this? _______________
4. What did a flight attendant imply by saying, \
_______________
5. How did an attendant warn the passengers not to leave anything behind?
_______________
Word Tips
attendant: 服务员 (a person who attends or serves you in a public place) Kangaroo: 袋鼠
bounce: 颠簸；跳动 (move or jump up and down quickly) News Report Paragliding for a Publishing Deal
Watch the news report and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
An Australian writer—and paraglider —tried _____ in front of Buckingham Palace last December to help him land a publishing deal.
In what looked like a scene from a James Bond movie, the paraglider, 36-year-old Brett de la Mare, was ______ through the skies of central London by a police helicopter as he _______ toward the palace—the London home of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.
The royal family was not ______ at the time, but police took the incident seriously, all the same. The helicopter tried to force the paraglider away, but in the end, he ______ in landing on the palace grounds. Police there promptly ______ him. This was no terrorist, however, as police had feared. He was, rather, a writer trying to gain publicity to help ______ a book, called \Dawn\
After the incident, de la Mare explained what ______ to reporters. \
and I landed in the forecourt here, and the crowd started ______. And I was arrested and dragged off.\
De la Mare said police had difficulty deciding what to ______ him with: \initially...
they arrested me for attempted burglary... of ...Buckingham Palace... and of course, they _____ that. I mean, attempted burglary! I mean, it's hardly a discreet method of burglary...\charged him with breaches of the Air Navigation Order.
De la Mare left a _______ message on his cell phone for callers: \you missed me. I am incarcerated right now or something. Please leave me a message, and I'll ______ to you as soon as I am free.\ Word Tips paraglide: 滑翔跳伞 Buckingham Palace: 白金汉宫 forecourt: 前院 (a courtyard in front of a building) discreet: 慎重的 (being careful in speech and behavior) breach: 破坏；违背 (an action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement) incarcerate: 监禁 (put into prison) Language and Culture Tip
land a publishing deal get a contract for publishing a book Questions for Discussion
1. Do you think the paraglider in the news report should be punished? If so, what punishment should he receive?
2. Given the opportunity to choose, which would you choose on a holiday—paragliding, flying in a helicopter, or traveling in a plane? Why? UNIT 9 Here are the seasons to be jolly.
Ⅰ. Lead-in
Work in pairs, discuss the following questions and then share your answers with the whole class.
(√) 1. Name some Western and Chinese festivals, and special days that seem to be especially important, and explain why they are important.
(√) 2. Do you think it is necessary for the Chinese to celebrate Christmas?
(√) 3. Why is Valentine's Day more popular in China now compared to it was decades ago?
(√) 4. It is sometimes claimed that many festivals have been created just to encourage people
to spend money. Do you agree? Ⅱ. Basic Listening Practice
Listen to the short dialogs and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. A) None.
B) One. C) Two. D) Three. 2. A) She was beside herself with joy. B) She cried because she didn't like the gift.
C) She was sad because the gift was squeezed out of shape.
D) She gave her son a present in return. 3. A) Boxing poor people's ears. B) Giving poor people food. C) Extending the Christmas holiday. D) Establishing the British Commonwealth. 4. A) She loves shopping. B) She does not know what to buy. C) She gives the man advice on what to buy. D) She disagrees with the man. 5. A) She will treat the family with turkey. B) She will make the children work. C) She won't care if the children are crowded at home. D) She will let some children stay in a hotel. Word Tips
squeeze: 压榨，挤 (press something firmly together with your fingers or hand)
exclusive: 独家享有的；专有的 (not divided or shared with others) squish: 压扁(squeeze or crush together)
stuffing: 填塞物；馅 (filling; a mixture of food that is put inside a bird or a vegetable before it is cooked) Language and Culture Tips
British Commonwealth an organization of about 50 countries that were once part of the British Empire and are now connected politically and economically, also known as the Commonwealth
Boxing Day 节礼日 the first weekday after Christmas, observed as a legal holiday in parts of the Commonwealth and marked by the giving of Christmas gifts to service workers
Ⅲ. Listening In
Task 1: Expensive Holidays
Listen to the dialog and fill in the blanks with the information you hear.
Grace asks what Mark is going to ______ her for the Chinese Valentine's Day, but Mark thinks he has already given Grace ______ for Western Valentine's Day in February. Grace objects that it is wonderful if lovers have more than one ______ a year. She needs Mark's presents from time to time if Mark wants to ______. Mark mentions that he gave her ______ on New Year's Day, a Christmas gift a couple of days before that, and ______ on the Chinese Spring Festival. Although Grace loves celebrating holidays, Mark worries that it's hard ______, and he will ______ in the poor house at this rate. Finally Grace tells Mark not to forget ______ on the lunar calendar, though she already received _______ from Mark for her birthday on the ______ calendar.
Word Tips
poor house: 贫民院；救济院 (an establelishment maintained at public expense where poor people can live and be fed) lunar: 月亮的；阴历的 (relating to the moon)
Language and Culture Tips
Valentine's Day 情人节 February 14th, when traditionally people send a special card to someone they love, often without saying who the card is from. They may also send flowers, especially red roses, or other presents as a sign of love. the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver 牛郎织女 Task 2: April Fool's Day
Listen to the passage and mark the statements T (true) or F (false). If the statement is false, explain why.
1. The lead flight attendant told the crew that she was going to meet her boyfriend.
A) T
B) F
2. The captain made the first announcement to warn passengers about thunderstorms at the destination. A) T B) F
3. According to the first announcement, the airport would not reopen until 30 to 60 minutes later.
A) T
B) F
4. After stopping over at Cleveland, the lead flight attendant could still reach the destination in time to meet her boyfriend. A) T B) F
5. According to the pilot's second announcement, the plane was going to land at Cleveland.
A) T
B) F Word Tips
stopover: 中途停留 (a break in a journey) divert: 转向 (turn aside from a course or direction) cockpit: 驾驶员座舱 (the space for the pilot in an airplane) mumble: 喃喃而语；咕哝 (utter unclearly by lowering the voice or partially closing the mouth)
Language and Culture Tip
make a point of doing something do something deliberately, even when it involves making a special effort
Listen to the passage again and answer the questions. 1. Why was the lead flight attendant eager to get in early? ______________
2. What did the captain do when the lead flight attendant rushed to the cockpit?
______________
Task 3: The Wilsons' Thanksgiving
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. A) It is a day for family reunion. B) It is a day for expressing thanks to the native Indians. C) It is a native Indians' festival. D) The celebration lasts three days. 2. A) Grandparents. B) Uncles and aunts. C) People from neighboring towns. D) People in the neighborhood. 3. A) One. B) Two. C) Three. D) Four. 4. A) Sweet potatoes. B) Roast duck. C) Cranberries. D) Pumpkin pies.
5. A) Thanksgiving—an occasion for family union. B) Thanksgiving—an occasion for expressing thanks for good luck.
C) A couple who spend Thanksgiving with people other than their family members.
D) The foods and activities on Thanksgiving.
Word Tips
cranberry: 酸果蔓 (a small red sour-tasting berry) pumpkin pie: 南瓜饼 Listen to the passage again and answer the question. How has the Wilsons' Thanksgiving party grown? _______________ Ⅳ. Speaking Out
Describing Holidays and Festivals in Different Countries; Describing Details; Asking for Clarification
MODEL 1 Eat, drink and be merry on Christmas.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions.
Nora: My mother bought an enormous twenty-five pound turkey for Chritmas dinner. I'm so excited!
Susan: ______ on both Christmas Eve and Christmas night. Nora: Our traditional Christmas dinner is a turkey, so gigantic that ______.
Susan: Chris swears ______ of tofu and salad.
Nora: ______. ______! Wait till he sees what his mother cooks: roast turkey with stuffing, gravy, mashed potatoes, peas and plum pudding for dessert! Susan: ______ and open them on Christmas morning.
Nora: We open one Christmas Eve, more Christmas morning, and the rest the next day.
Susan: Wow! ______!
Nora: We start by decorating the tree on Christmas Eve, putting ornaments, lights and artificial snow flakes on it.
Susan: Do you hang stockings by the fireplace and have a star on top of the tree?
Nora: Yes. And we have another activity. We also \not expecting to get\
Susan: ______. What do you mean by that?
Nora: It's secret giving. we sneak up to the door of somebody we want to give a gift to, ring the doorbell, and run.
Susan: So, you're not expecting anything; you're just being generous. That's a kind-hearted gesture. Nora: _______? Word Tips gigantic: 巨大的 (extremely big)
leftovers: 剩余物； 剩菜(food remaining uneaten after a meal) tofu: 豆腐 (bean curd)
gravy: 肉汁，肉汤 (a sauce made from the juice that comes from meat as it cooks, mixed with flour and water)
mash: 捣碎 (crush into a soft substance) plum: 李子
dessert: 餐后甜点 (a usually sweet course or dish, as of fruit or ice cream served at the end of a meal)
heap: 堆积 (put a lot of things on top of each other in an untidy way) prolong: 延长；拉长 (deliberately make something such as a feeling or activity last longer)
ornament: 装饰物 (decoration that is added to something)
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary. Family reunion A (tells about Christmas): Yes B (tells about the Spring Festival): Yes Dinner A (tells about Christmas): Turkey, etc. Eating leftovers for days. Some people hope for good health. B (tells about the Spring Festival): Fish, which means \ The same The same
Gifts
A (tells about Christmas): Under the Christmas tree or in the stockings B (tells about the Spring Festival): Money for children Special events
A (tells about Christmas): Christmas carols, parties, etc. B (tells about the Spring Festival): Firecrackers, fireworks, dragon and lion dances
Useful Expressions We have goose and ham for Christmas dinner... We eat goose and ham at the Christmas dinner. Goose and ham are served at our Christmas dinner. ...we eat leftovers for days.
We eat what is left over from the dinner for days to come. We're still eating turkey several days after Christmas dinner. ...he'll refuse a huge dinner and stick to a healthy meal... He won't eat a big dinner. Rather he'll keep to a light meal. He'll eat a light meal instead of a heavy dinner. No way. He's kidding! Impossible. He's joking. Nonsense. He's just joking.
We heap up our presents under the tree... We put our gifts under the tree. We leave our gifts under the tree. Your family prolongs the celebration for three days! You family celebrates for three days! Your family makes it a three-day celebration! That's a peculiar expression. That's a strange expression. That's an unusual phrase.
Isn't that what the true spirit of Christmas is supposed to be? Isn't that (just) the true spirit of Christmas? That is really the spirit of Christmas. MODEL 2 The Pilgrims' spirit of Thanksgiving lives on.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Chris: Will Nora be spending Thanksgiving with us this year?
Susan: No, she's going home to ______ and brother. She hasn't seen her family in over a year.
Chris: I know how she feels. Thanksgiving is such a big family holiday in the States.
Susan: It began as a celebration by the Pilgrims. ______ in the new land in 1621.
Chris: But wasn't that harsh winter followed by an abundant harvest?
Susan: Yeah, ______: they had beaten the odds and were still alive. It was a time to relax and \
Chris: You know, most cultures seem to have some sort of celebration like this—______?
Susan: Yeah, they do. I believe the round moon cakes also _______.
Chris: Well, today Thanksgiving in the States has developed into a major holiday.
Susan: True, it's a very emotional time. Families often travel great distances ______. Jamie's
mother will have a turkey and a ham, corn-on-the-cob, yams, peas and carrots, and to top it off, pumpkin pie.
Chris: ______, and I think I'm going to gain ten pounds this year.
Susan: But you have the rest of the year to lose those unwanted pounds. And losing weight will give you something to be thankful for next Thanksgiving. Word Tips symbolize: 象征 (be a symbol of) corn-on-the-cob: (煮食的)老玉米；玉米棒子 yam: 山药；洋芋 Language and Culture Tips
beat the odds succeed in spite of risks or chances of failure
count your blessings think about the things in your life which you can be grateful for, e.g. your health, a happy family, etc. top it all off complete it successfully
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary. Family reunion A (tells about Thanksgiving): Yes B (tells about the Mid-Autumn Festival): Yes Origin
A (tells about Thanksgiving): The Pilgrims
B (tells about the Mid-Autumn Festival): Lady Chang'er flew to the moon, and her husband longed for her to return on a day of full moon. Celebration of harvest A (tells about Thanksgiving): Yes B (tells about the Mid-Autumn Festival): Yes Food
A (tells about Thanksgiving): Turkey, ham, etc. B (tells about the Mid-Autumn Festival): Moon cakes, etc. An important festival A (tells about Thanksgiving): Yes B (tells about the Mid-Autumn Festival): Yes
Useful Expressions ...spend the holiday with her mother... ...stay with her mom during the holiday... ...visit/see her mom over the holiday... They were happy just to have survived their first harsh winter... They were glad that they had survived the first severe winter. They were delighted to have lived through that difficult winter. ...that's good reason to celebrate... ...that's reason enough for a celebration... ...that's an ample excuse for a celebration...
...don't the Chinese have a festival of moon cakes to celebrate the harvest month?
Doesn't the moon cake festival celebrate the harvest month in China? Isn't the harvest month celebrated in China with the moon cake festival?
...symbolize a family reunion. ...represent the unity of a family all together. ...serve as a symbol of the family circle. ...to be together and share a huge dinner. ...to get together for a heavy dinner. ...for reunion and a large dinner. Just thinking about all that food makes my mouth water... The mere thought of the food makes my mouth water. Whenever I think about that food, my eyes light up. MODEL 3 Don't let ghosts frighten you on Halloween.
Listen to the dialog. If you have difficulty understanding the words missing from the blanks, you may refer to the boxes of useful expressions. Susan: Hey Kim! Are you okay? ______. Where did you go? Kim: Just to the corner, but ______.
Susan: What happened? You said you were only going to the store for a coke.
Kim: ______! ______.
Susan: It's October 31st, Halloween, the day for ______.
Kim: In the store window is a big vegetable with a carved face and candle inside.
Susan: It's a pumpkin. A face and a candle burning inside make it a Jack o' Lantern.
Kim: ______, \
Susan: No, they said, \ Kim: Well, ______. What's it called? Halloween?
Susan: Yeah, it's one of the oldest holidays in the West. Today it's mostly for children.
Kim: I myself would never dress like a ghost and shout, \
Word Tip
carve: 雕刻 (cut wood, stone, etc. to make a special shape) Language and Culture Tips
Jack o' Lantern a pumpkin that has a face cut into it and a candle put inside to shine through the holes
Tickle your feet. This is what \or treat?\sounds like to some foreign listeners.
Trick or Treat? When children call \or treat?\on Halloween, they are offering you a
choice: give them a treat of fruit or candy or they will play a trick on you like rubbing soap on windows or overturning garbage tins.
Listen to the dialog again, repeat it sentence by sentence, and then role-play it in pairs.
Now Your Turn
Create a dialog with your partner according to the instructions, referring to the useful expressions in the boxes if necessary.
An American student A finds a Chinese student B, who has only recently arrived in the U.S., badly shaken. B described the terrible things he/she experienced: People in funny clothes and masks were everywhere, a guy with a bloody mask suddenly jumped out from a street corner, kids gave out horrible cries like ghosts, etc. A explains that it was Halloween. Useful Expressions You seem badly shaken. What has upset you? What's troubling you?
...I'm frightened out of my wits, scared silly, terrified. I'm scared out of my wits. I'm frightened to death. People in funny costumes and masks everywhere! Some in tall, pointed hats.
People all over wore strange clothes and masks, some in tall, pointed hats. People in peculiar outfits were everywhere, with some wearing tall, pointed hats.
...dressing like witches and ghosts. ...wearing clothes like witches and ghosts. ...putting on the costumes of witches and ghosts. A crowd of children followed me shouting... A group for children ran after me, crying out... Crowds of kids trailed after me, calling out... They were hoping you'd give them candy. They expected candy from you.
They expected you to treat them with sweets or chocolate (or they'd play a trick on you).
...it's a funny kind of holiday.
It's a funny/strange/peculiar holiday.
That's an odd sort of holiday. Questions for Discussion
1. What do you think are the reasons for festivals to exist?
2. About how many festivals do you think are necessary for a country? About 10, 20, 30, or more? Explain.
3. What is the probable reason for ancient Chinese to create the Double-Ninth Festival?
4. Why is there the Teacher's Day, but not the Scientist's Day?
5. Search the Internet to find out information about Easter and the Chinese Pure Brightness Day (for tomb-visiting). Then describe the similarities and differences between them.
Ⅴ. Let's Talk
What to Do for Mom
Listen to the passage and complete the table with the information you hear. What to Do for Mom: Look out for anything that ______.
Details or Examples: For example, a casual dress or a ______. Or, it may be a hair clip with a touch of ______. Check out if she is planning to get _______ or a new steam iron.
What to Do for Mom: Try to be guided by her ______.
Details or Examples: If she likes ______, how about giving her ______ or something that has ______ on it?
What to Do for Mom: Spend some ______ with her.
Details or Examples: You can ______ for the day. You can also throw a little party and ______.
What to Do for Mom: If she likes _______, take a trip with her.
Details or Examples: A special trip to _______ could show her how much you care for her.
Word Tips
hair clip: 发夹 steam iron: 蒸汽熨斗
perfume: 香水 (a liquid with a strong pleasant smell that people put on their skin or clothing)
durables: 耐用品 (goods expected to last a long time) outing: 郊游，远足 (a short trip for pleasure) Discussion
According to a newspaper article, far more flowers are sold on Valentine's Day than on Mother's Day. What do you think of this? Discuss with your partner what you can do for your mom on Mother's Day. There're some suggestions: giving mom a bouquet of carnations, looking out for anything she plans to buy, spending time with her by taking her to see a movie, taking her to a restaurant, cooking a meal for her, throwing a party for her, taking photos of her, cheering her up with your academic achievements, etc. Ⅵ. Further Listening and Speaking Listening
Task 1: Celebrations on the New Year's Eve
Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear. 1. A) How noisy and happy people are on New Year's Eve. B) The fight against alcohol on New Year's Eve. C) Various activities to celebrate New Year's Eve. D) The artistic touch on New Year's Eve. 2. A) Sailing on a lake and a river. B) Sailing on a lake and an ocean. C) Sailing on a river and an ocean. D) Sailing on a lake and a canal. 3. A) They kiss their spouses but not others. B) They all make a lot of happy noise. C) They all keep quiet. D) Some are noisy while others are quiet. 4. A) They all celebrate First Night events without alcohol. B) Most of them celebrate First Night events with alcohol. C) A few of them celebrate First Night events with alcohol. D) They all celebrate First Night events with alcohol. 5. A) Music and art. B) Performances and exhibits. C) Cruising trips. D) Fireworks. Word Tip
statue: 雕像 (a form sculpted, modeled, carved, or cast in material such as stone, clay, wood, or bronze) Task 2: Mother's Day
Compound Dictation: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the information you hear
In the U.S., Mother's Day is a holiday celebrated on the second Sunday in May. It is a day when children ______ their mothers with cards, gifts, and flowers. It was first ______ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1907.
Long before that, there were days honoring mothers even in ______ Greece. In those days, however, it was Rhea, the mother of the gods who was given ______.
Later, in the 1600s, in England there was an _______ observance called \It was _______ during June, on the fourth Sunday. On Mothering Sunday, the _______, who generally lived with their employers, were encouraged to return home and honor their mothers. _______.
In the U.S., in 1907, Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began a campaign to establish a national Mother's Day. Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia, to ______, which was the second Sunday in May. The next year Mother's Day was again celebrated in Philadelphia. Jarvis and others began a letter-writing campaign to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother's Day. They were successful. In 1914, _______.
Word Tips
Philadelphia: (美) 费城 (宾夕法尼亚州首府)
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