选修 6 Unit 1 Art
语法课 虚拟语气（第1课时，共2课时）
【Learning goals】
To learn to use the subjunctive mood
一、条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 时间 将来 从句谓语形式 现在 过去 [来源学科网] 主句谓语形式 2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
[来源学科网]If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.
如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，他会帮助我们的。 (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.
我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。 3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
(2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。
(3) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如： I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
(4) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。 ②省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。 二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法： 1. wish 所接从句的虚拟语气
对现在虚拟 : wish + (that)+did(were) 对过去虚拟 : wish + (that)+had done 对将来虚拟 : wish + would/could/might+do 2． would rather 从句的虚拟语气
对现在/将来虚拟：I would rather sb. did sth. 对过去虚拟：I would rather sb. +had done
3．一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 六项要求demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire + (that) sb. (should) do sth.
注意: suggest表暗示, 表明时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气 4．使用虚拟语气的固定句型：
It is + adj.(important, necessary, natural, right, strange, surprising…) + that sb.（should）do sth.
It is + n.(a pity/a shame） + that sb.（should）do sth.
It is (high, about, low) time + thatsb. did sth./ sb. should do sth. (should不可省略) She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child.
5．含蓄虚拟：but for (如果不是因为)==If it were not for/If it hadn't been for, without, otherwise
But for your help, I would have failed. Without the money, I would not be alive now.
She wasn't feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldn't have left the meeting so early. 即时练习:
1. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came
D. had come
2. ______ for the free tickets, I wouldn't have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
3. I supported him in time, otherwise he ____ off the bike. A. might fall
B. would fall
C. should have fallen D. would have fallen
4. Without liberation we ________ a new life.
A. would not begin B. did not begin C. had not begun D. would not have begun 5. If only grandmother ____ this together with us now. A. will see
B. could see
C. must see
D. should see
6. Henry would rather his mother ____ in the school where he is studying. A. not work B. not worked C. didn't work D. not working 7. Is it necessary that he _____ the examination before he asks for a leave? A. takes
B. has to take C. must take
D. take
[来 8. It is urged that no smoking ____ in the library and other smoke-free zones on the campus.
源:Zxxk.Com]
B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed
A. should allow
9. It is strange that he _____ you this.
A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 10. My suggestion is that a few more people ___ there to help me. A. be sent
B. have sent
C. sent
D. should sent
11. We felt as if we _____ each other for years when we first met each other.. A. knew
B. were knowing C. had known
D. have known
12. Jane's pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
13. I wish you __________ him my telephone number，but you did.
A. didn’t give B. hadn’t given C. wouldn’t give D. shouldn’t give
14. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get B. won’t get C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get 15. --“I’ve told everyone about it. ” --“Oh, I’d rather you ________. ” A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t 语篇运用: Fill in the blanks
[来源:学科网]In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived ____ England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve ___ a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated ___ tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by ____ Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should ________(built). This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it ___________(draw) in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it _______________ (be) completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was __________ (officially) opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain ___ the European continent.
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