状语从句
1， 主系表句型----- be （连系动词do）
2， 主谓宾----- do（vt） 3、 主谓----- do(vi)---- 4，主谓宾补----do(vt) 5，主谓宾宾---do(vt) 6，There be (do)+ 主语+状语
前面我们说过，定语是修饰名词的，定语从句放在名词之后；状语修饰动词，只要句子中出现动词就可以用状语来修饰，将这个状句变成一个be句型或do句型就是状语从句。 例句：
一、状语的位置：
I played football carefully in the playground for the next competition on weekend
主 谓 宾 方式状语 地点状语 目的状语 时间状语
我周末为了下一次的比赛在草场上小心翼翼地踢足球。
小结：状语由副词和介词短语充当，中文把状语放在动词的前面，英文把状语放在动词的后面。
二、状语从句：
1、I played football carefully in the playground on weekend because I want to
Win the next competition 我周末为了赢得下一次的比赛在操场上小心翼翼地踢足球。
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2、I played football as I shouted her name loudly in the playground on weekend for the next competition 主 谓 宾 状 我周末为了下一次的比赛在操场一边大声喊她的名字一边踢足球。
一、时间状语从句：
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something. 当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。 ①when有“突然”的意思，这是非常重要的考点。 We had dinner when someone knocked at the door . I walked in the stree when I met him
②while有前后相反，前后形成鲜明对比的意思，翻译成“然而”，“虽然”等意思，这是非常重要的考点。
We are writing homework, while they are dancing
The soilders face the powder, while the beauty powder the faces
注：表示“对比”含义的“转折”： ① while, whereas,instead ② by(in) contrast, on the other hand, in comparison, conversely ,on the contrary,
③while一词后面一般用进行态：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
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④as，一边….一边…. I played football as I shouted her name loudly
2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。 当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时； It be+一段时间+before+从句
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，1、但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：2、如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；3、如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back. 直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English. 直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 Please didn’t wait until I arrieved.
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。
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since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。 I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
Since接时间点 for 接时间段
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就……”。例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot. 我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
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