美国文学复习资料
1. The literature of colonial American at the beginning of the seventeeth century.美国文学史的
开始17世纪初 2. The first American writer Captain John Smith 第一个美国作家约翰。史密斯船长 3. early new England literature, puritan values---hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety.
清教徒价值观——努力工作、节俭、虔诚和节制。 4. John Smith 约翰-史密斯；
作品 A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in
Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony. 真正的关系等值得注意的事件
和事故所以来发生在弗吉尼亚殖民地第一种植。
A Map Of Virginia with a Description of the Country维吉尼亚州的地图描述
5. William Bradford; ---------of Plymouth plantation 威廉·布拉德福德;- - - - - - -普利茅斯种植园 John Winthrop----------the history of new England 约翰·温思罗普- - - - - - - - - - -新英格兰的历史
6. Anne Dudley Bradstreet------the tenth muse lately sprung up in America 安妮布莱德思特-------第十缪斯最近在美国兴起 7. Edward Taylor----the best of the puritan poets
爱德华·泰勒——最好的清教徒诗人
8. the war for independence lasted for eight years (1775-1783) 独立战争持续了八年(1775 -
1783)
9. Noah Webster declared;?? American must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms. 。诺亚·韦伯斯特宣称,“美国必须像她那样独立的文学在政治、艺术作为武器一样出名。
In 1828, Noah Webster published An American Dictionary of the English Language 1828年,诺亚·韦伯斯特出版美国英语词典 10. Thomas Paine ; 托马斯潘恩
作品 The American Crisis , Common Sense , The Age Of Reason 美国危机、 常识、 理性时代
Thomas Paine say in The American Crisis;??these are the times that try men?s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. 托马斯·潘恩说在美国危机;“这些次试着男人的灵魂。夏天士兵和阳光的爱国者,在这场危机中,收缩从服务的国家,但他现在站,值得男人和女人的爱和感谢。
11. Thomas Jefferson ------The Declaration of Independence
托马斯·杰斐逊---独立宣言
12. Philip Freneau is perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period.理性
时期菲利普福伦诺也许是最杰出的革命时期的作家。
Philip Freneau has been called the ??Father of the American Poetry?? 菲利普福伦诺 被称为“美国诗歌之父”
作品；The Wild Honey Suckle 野生的金银花 The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地
13. American writers won increasing national and international fame. Washington Irving’s Sketch Book (见闻杂记) became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on
both sides of the Atlantic. 美国作家赢得了越来越多国家和国际声誉。华盛顿·欧文的速写本(见闻杂记)成为第一个工作由美国作家赢得大西洋两岸的财务成功。
14. Washington Irving; 华盛顿 欧文
Washington Irving was the first great prose of American Romanticism, and his familiar style was destined to outlive the formal prose of such contemporaries as Scott and Cooper. 华盛顿·欧文是第一个伟大的美国浪漫主义的散文,和他熟悉的风格注定比正式的散文斯科特和库珀等同时代的人。
15. James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯-芬尼莫-库伯
James Fenimore Cooper the first important American novelist began his literary career on a dare . 美国小说家詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀第一个重要敢开始了他的文学生涯。 Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale, and the frontier saga. 库珀推出两种非常受欢迎的故事:海上冒险故事,边疆传奇。
Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise The Leatherstocking Tales(1823-1841). In their order of events(not the order in which they were written), the novels are The Deerslayer , The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers, and The Prairie.(顺序不能乱DLPaPiPr) 库珀的不朽名声有赖于他的边疆故事,尤其是5小说组成皮裹腿故事集(1823 - 1841)。事件的顺序(而不是他们写的顺序),小说杀鹿者,最后的莫希干人,探路者,先锋,草原。
16．William Cullen Bryant威廉-卡伦-布莱恩特
When Abraham Lincoln came to New York in 1860 to make his famous Cooper Union speech, which greatly increased his chances for the presidential nomination, Bryant presided at the meeting and introduced the Illinois, who was then little known to the New York public. 1860年亚伯拉罕·林肯来到纽约时他著名的库柏联盟学院的演讲,这大大增加了总统提名他的机会,科比主持会议并介绍了伊利诺斯州,时任纽约公共鲜为人知。 17. Edgar Allan Poe埃德加-阿伦坡
作品；Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞的故事和曲 The Raven乌鸦
The Fall of the House Usher开创的房子
Ironically, while Poe was struggling in America, his work was commanding more and more praise in Europe, where he was hailed as a pioneer in poetic and fictional techniques. His influence was especially strong on many French writers. 讽刺的。当埃德加-阿伦坡挣扎在美国,他的工作是指挥在欧洲越来越多的赞美,他在那里被誉为诗歌的先驱和虚构的技术。在许多法国作家他的影响尤其强烈。
18. Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔-霍桑
作品; The House of the Seven Gables七个尖角的阁楼的房屋
The Scarlet Letter 红字（人物; Hester Prynne 女主人公， Dimmesdale 牧师情人 ， Chillingworth丈夫）
One of Nathaniel Hawthorne?s ancestors was Judge Hathorne, who presided at the notorious Salem witch trials and was put under a curse by the husband of one of the convicted witches. The spelling of the family name remained Hathorne until young Nathaniel inserted the ?w?. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑的祖先之一是法官哈桑,谁主持臭名昭著的塞勒姆女巫审判,被诅咒了的丈夫被巫师之一。姓的拼写哈桑直到年轻的纳撒尼尔插入“w”。
Among Nathaniel Hawthorne?s college friends were Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and
Franklin Pierce who became the fourteenth president of the United States. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑的大学朋友亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗和富兰克林。皮尔斯成为了十四的美国总统。
For some three years Hawthorne and Sophia lived in the house called the Old Manse, in Concord. It was there that he wrote the splendid stories in the volume called Mosses from an Old Manse(1846)
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man?s moral nature. 纳撒尼尔·霍桑独特的礼物是创建强烈象征性的故事,触摸人的道德自然的最深根源。
?Young Goodman Brown? uses the background of witchcraft to explore uncertainties of belief that trouble a man?s heart and mind. “Dr.Heidegger?s Experiment” and “The Ambitious Guset” have symbolic and legendary qualities, ”The Great Stone Face” is another of his allegorical stories. 年轻的古德曼布朗使用巫术信仰的探索不确定性的背景下,麻烦一个人的心脏和大脑。”博士。海德格尔的实验”和“雄心勃勃的Guset”符号和传奇的品质,”伟大的石头脸”是他的另一个寓言故事。
Melville called his friend “the largest brain with the largest heart” in American literature. 梅尔维尔叫他的朋友“最大的大脑最大的心脏”在美国文学 19.Herman Melville赫尔曼-麦尔维尔 作品；Moby-Dick白鲸
.Herman Melville says ;”A whaling ship, he said, was ?my Yale College and my Harvard?”. 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔说,“一个捕鲸船,他说,耶鲁大学和哈佛大学”。
Typee (1846) was a romanticized account of his stay among the Polynesians. Typee(1846)是一个浪漫的他呆在玻利尼西亚人。
Omoo(1847), about his adventures on Tahiti and other islands. Omoo(1847),关于他的冒险在塔希提岛和其他岛屿。
Later Melville based Redburn(1849) on his first voyage to England, and White-Jacket on his brief career in the navy, 雷德本(1849)在他短暂的职业生涯在海军服役,
He drew upon his naval experience again for Billy Budd. 他把他的海军对比利·巴德再次体验。
Melville himself said in Moby-Dick, ”to write a mighty book you must have a mighty theme.” Here he had it ---the rebellioud struggle of Captain Ahab against the overwhelming, mysterious vastness of the universe and its awesome, sometimes merciless forces. 麦尔维尔在《白鲸》中说,“你写的书必须有一个强大的主题。“这里他——rebellioud艾伯船长对绝大的抗争,神秘浩瀚的宇宙和它很棒,有时无情的力量。
With flashes of Melville?s best fire, Billy Budd, like Moby-Dick, use a ship as symbol of society and searchingly examines the problems of good and evil. 闪光的梅尔维尔最好的火,比利·巴德,像《白鲸》,用船作为象征的社会和彻底地检查了善与恶的问题。
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