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第三讲 如何写议论文的主体
李仕才
一、题型特点
议论性读写任务型作文指的是根据阅读材料所描述的某一事件、现象、观点或话题发表个人观点、意见和建议的一类读写任务，其实质就是要求考生根据题目要求写议论文。 二、写作技巧
英语议论文有其独特的框架结构，能让读者迅速捕捉作者的观点和思路，值得考生模仿。写作时应注意以下几点。 1.运用过渡语进行衔接过渡
There is no doubt that... It can not be denied that... 过渡/引出话题 No one can ignore the fact that... From what is mentioned above, we know... From my point of view... As far as I am concerned... 提出观点 I hold the view/belief that... Personally, I believe that... Actually, I am in favour of the idea that... 表达立场 In some way, I am against the thought that... 2.采用多种论证方式进行分析
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议论文在写作手法上以议论为主，如通过对比观点、阐述原因、列举例子等，但有时也要运用说明、叙述、描写等手法。议论中的说明常为议论的开展创造条件或为议论作补充；叙述和描写应是为论点提供依据，因此，叙述应该是概括的，描写应该是简要的。常用的句式有：
There are several reasons that contribute to... 总述原因 My views are based on the following reasons. To begin with/First of all...Besides/Furthermore/...Finally/Last but not least... 分层论述 On the one hand...On the other hand... For one thing...For another... Take...for example. 列举例子 For example/instance... It reminds me of the time when... 引出经历 What impresses me most is that... Thanks to/Owing to/Because of... 分析因果 Consequently/Therefore/Thus/As a result... 讨论后果 3.结尾总结升华，重申观点
在文中或文末，考生可以用不同的语言重申主题或提出解决问题的建议，从而使文章结构严谨、主题鲜明。常用的句式有：
(1)To sum up/In short/In conclusion/On the whole/All in all...
(2)Taking all the factors into account, we can draw a conclusion that... (3)From the discussion above, it can be safely concluded that...
Just imagine what would be like if there were no... 灿若寒星
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(4)Therefore, it is necessary for us to...
(5)To be brief, we should be aware of the importance of... (6)Only when we/Only by..., can we...
【典例示范】 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
(2016·江苏卷)In recent years，internet voting has become increasing popular in China.People not only cast on-line votes themselves，but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”. Li Jiang，a high school student，is invited to vote in the “Best Police Officer” competition，organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers’ daily work.Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories.He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds.He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition.He has already received three similar invitations this week.His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition，the family will win an overseas tour for free.Su Hua likes his cousin very much，but he finds other singers perform even better.To vote，or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much. [写作内容]
1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2.用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。 [写作要求]
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
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2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 [评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 [参考范文]
Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
In my opinion, online voting is an inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is no more than a way to participate in public life. It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space.Furthermore，voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.
To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey.Therefore，I hold a positive attitude towards online voting.
能力提升练1
请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
(2018·江苏镇江高三调研)The 18-year-old girl from Linyi, Shandong province scored 568 points on her college entrance exam this year and was admitted to Nanjing
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University of Posts and Telecommunications.
On Aug 19, Xu received a phone call from an unknown person telling her that she was due to receive
student funding. Following the call, Xu transferred a 9，900-yuan “activation fee” into the man’s bank account, hoping the money would appear in her student account, but it never did.
After discovering they had been cheated, the family immediately reported the incident to the police, but Xu was said to be frustrated. On their way home, she suddenly fainted and despite doctors’ best efforts to rescue her, she passed away. The death of Xu yuyu immediately caused an outcry over the society, and once again, it fired a public anger towards those who commit heartless fraud(欺诈). So how was Xu’s private information leaked out?
Reporters have discovered that there are many people who openly sell the examinee’s information online. The information includes the examinee’s name, school, phone number, and address. The personal information of examinee has become the target of the online fraud industry. [写作内容]
1.用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2.用约120个词就“Personal information leakage”谈谈你的看法和感受，内容包括： (1)简述个人信息泄露的危害及保护个人信息的重要性； (2)就如何保护个人信息提几点建议(至少两点)。 [写作要求]
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